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Clinical Implications of Basic Research from The New England Journal of Medicine — Immunotherapy for HIV Infection.
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Immunotherapy for HIV Infection Robin A. Weiss, Ph.D. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:379-380January 23, 2014DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcibr1314577 Two recent studies show that a hybrid virus, the simian immunodeficiency virus bearing the envelope antigens of HIV-1, can be cleared from the blood of rhesus macaques by the infusion of monoclonal antibodies.
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RedOrbit
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Both patients had been suffering from the blood cancer Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and after other cancer treatments had proven unsuccessful, the doctors transplanted healthy bone marrow into the patients. The hope was the transplant would help purge cancerous blood cells in favor of healthy cells, but the dangerous procedure involved a weakening of the immune system and carried with it a 15 to 20 percent chance of death.
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‘Next-generation’ antibodies could complement current therapies.
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Two papers published online today in Nature1, 2 report the impact of antibody therapy on an HIV-related virus that is capable of infecting monkeys and was engineered to carry key portions of the genome of the human virus. Levels of that modified virus, called SHIV, plummeted after the macaques were infused with human antibodies isolated from HIV patients and selected for their potency against a broad array of HIV viruses. Barouch, D. H. et al. Nature doi:10.1038/nature12744 (2013). Shingai, M. et al. Nature doi:10.1038/nature12746 (2013).
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Robert A. Weinberg (Daniel K. Ludwig Professor for Cancer Research; Member, Whitehead Institute) has earned some of the top honors in his field. Most recently, he won the 2006 Landon-AACR Prize for Basic and Translational Cancer Research. He is also a 1997 National Medal of Science awardee. Weinberg’s laboratory discovered the first human oncogene and the first tumor suppressor gene. Today, much of his research focuses on new models of breast cancer development including the stages of tumor invasiveness and metastasis. He earned his Ph.D. in biology from MIT in 1969, and was one of the Founding Members of the MIT Center for Cancer Research in 1973. He was appointed a professor at MIT in 1982, the same year he joined the Whitehead Institute. Weinberg was named American Cancer Society Research Professor in 1985 and received the Daniel K. Ludwig Professorship for Cancer Research in 1997. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine.
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It´s a 2008 video, but still most of the information is updated, and well explained
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Researchers from Canada's Western University’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry are reporting promising results from the initial testing of a vaccine to prevent HIV.
Press release by Dr. Dong Joon Kim:
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Given the limitations of antiretroviral therapy and recent advances in our understanding of HIV persistence during effective treatment, there is a growing recognition that a cure for HIV infection is both needed and feasible. The International AIDS Society convened a group of international experts to develop a scientific strategy for research towards an HIV cure. Several priorities for basic, translational and clinical research were identified. This Opinion article summarizes the group's recommended key goals for the international community.
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En la historia de la lucha contra el sida, tener una enfermedad adicional a la infección por el VIH a veces depara sorpresas. Lo hizo en el caso de Timothy Brown, el famoso pacient
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Videoentrevista al autor del articulo: Artículo en el Journal of Clinical Investigation:
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Researchers have deployed a potential new weapon against HIV – a combination therapy that targets HIV-infected cells that standard therapies cannot kill.
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Author Summary
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the quality of life for HIV infected individuals. However, ART is currently a lifelong commitment because HIV persists during treatment despite being suppressed below detection. If therapy is stopped, the HIV reappears. A concerted effort is ongoing to develop new eradication therapies to prevent virus rebound, but there are challenges to be overcome. Our work is a major step forward in this process. We measured persistent HIV throughout the body during ART using bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mice, a model validated to study HIV persistence. HIV infected BLT mice were treated with tenofovir, emtricitabine and raltegravir. Despite documented tissue penetration by these drugs, we found that HIV expression persists in cells isolated from all the tissues analyzed (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, liver, lung, intestines and peripheral blood cells). We therefore complemented ART with an immunotoxin that specifically kills HIV expressing cells while leaving other cells untouched. Our results demonstrate a dramatic reduction in persistent HIV throughout the body resulting from the killing of virus producing cells. Thus, our study provides new insights into the locations of HIV persistence during ART and a demonstration that persistent HIV can be successfully targeted inside the body. Link to PLOs journal: http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1003872
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Over the past decade, scientists have made incredible strides in the field of HIV research, but a cure for the human immunodeficiency virus has still eluded scientists.
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These findings mean that scientists have many more proviruses to kill in order to fully cure an individual of HIV. However, Siliciano hopes his research will dissuade patients from entering into clinical trials testing a “shock and kill” approach to curing the virus, which involves activating many of the body’s T cells to force the proviruses to activate. Since the size of the provirus reservoir is so large, Siliciano said this technique could lead to major damage in the body. The paper in "Cell": http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(13)01157-4 ;
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Independent Online HIV vaccine fails; study halted Independent Online So far, there are no vaccines approved to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, the virus that causes Aids.
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AIDS is constellation disorder from HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. HIV is retrovirus.
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*Director de Investigación de la Unidad de VIH del Hospital La Paz, Madrid, España.
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