In this blog we explore the Common Core idea that teachers shouldn't build background knowledge to help students understand what they are reading. We offer an alternative to this commonly practiced instructional strategy.
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College and Career-Ready Standards for School Leaders
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Supporting school leaders in helping all students become college and career-ready and to succeed in post-secondary education and training
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Mel Riddile
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In this post we explore three common strategies for introducing text before reading and the ways they do (or don't) align with the Common Core. These strategies have been challenged by the authors of the CCSS and we address this criticism. "The Common Core only tells us what to teach, but doesn’t tell us how to teach." Three traditional practices in literacy education: 1) presenting background information, 2) pre-reading strategies, such as predicting, and 3) articulating a summary of the text. David Coleman Quotes
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By Kim Yaris "Proficiency is deep understanding–what knowledge do you gain and how do you integrate this information?"--summarize, analyze, interpret, assess, delineate, integrate
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Anchor Standard Ten Begs Question: In this blog we consider the meaning of anchor standard 10 of the Common Core, which states that students need to read grade level complex text independently and proficiently. "... the amalgam of several, somewhat complicated, factors that come together to determine what level of challenge a text poses to a particular reader on a particular grade for a particular task."
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This is a great example of how teachers are integrating writing assignments across the curriculum, helping students practice practice their oral communication skills, and helping students safely publish their work in digital forms online.
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Courtesy of The Hechinger Report's HechingerEd blog. With American schools focused on raising reading and math scores to meet accountability requirements, writing often takes a backseat. With 45 states adopting Common Core standards that include writing and specifically grammar, some educators are examining new ways to bring grammar back into the classroom. We know that [explicit grammar instruction] is a critical component in education said Roberta Stathis, executive director of The Teacher Writing Center, which runs the Grammar Gallery, an online resource for writing and reading instruction.
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Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better TED Talks In our louder and louder world, says sound expert Julian Treasure, "We are losing our listening." In this short, fascinating talk, Treasure shares five ways to re-tune your ears for conscious listening -- to other people and the world...
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A school wide focus “an intense focus, across nearly every academic subject, on teaching the skills that underlie good analytical writing.” Direct and Explicit Instruction “The thing is, kids need a formula, at least at first, because what we are asking them to do is very difficult. So God, let’s stop acting like they should just know how to do it. Give them a formula! Later, when they understand the rules of good writing, they can figure out how to break them.” Standards define expectations. Teachers help students meet expectations. "traditional instruction delivered by the teachers already in classrooms may turn out to be the most powerful lever we have for improving school performance after all." The best place to teach literacy skills is in content areas. - Dan Willingham the emphasis on writing at New Dorp helped in knowledge and vocabulary acquisition by forcing "distributed practice" of subject matter and vocabulary, causing them to be learned more effectively by having to be written out. Writing improves reading and vice versa. - Steve Graham the promise of the method lies in its efficiency: killing two birds with one stone, both writing and general knowledge. The efficiency is significant only if it's an effective pedagogical device in support of cumulative knowledge building. The key is that students can apply what they have learned. As schools embark on the implementation of the Common Core standards, let us hope that educators keep in mind that they are just standards and that the heavy lifting, as Hirsch suggests, will be that of “defining specifically the knowledge to be learned.”
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The Atlantic covers news and analysis on politics, business, culture, technology, national, international and life on the official site of The Atlantic Magazine.
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September is National Literacy Month, and what better way to celebrate and promote literacy than focusing on the tools that students own and love: their ce (Top story: Enriching literacy with cell phones? Via Teresa McSweeney
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English Language Arts
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Tim Shanahan on Literacy "The common core will require that we use challenging texts and many students will struggle. Various supports, scaffolds, and motivation will be needed to allow students to read hard texts successfully."
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This tool is designed to help teachers achieve deep levels of understanding of the Common Core Reading standards.
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The Common Core emphasizes close reading and text-dependent questions. So what are text-dependent questions, and how can teachers develop them? Text-dependent questions direct students’ inquiry into the text, rather than outside of it, and can only be answered with evidence from the text. A strong text-dependent question should invite students to interpret theme, analyze syntax and text structure, support students’ understanding of vocabulary, and analyze the effects of specific word choice. A high-quality summative assessment will involve writing and should allow students individually to demonstrate mastery of one or more of the standards. Text-dependent questions will specifically target (Tier 2 Vocabulary) words that might otherwise be a barrier to their comprehension. Identify what makes the text difficult (Quantitative, Qualitative, Reader and Task) Rather than present them randomly, teachers can sequence text-dependent questions to help students gradually unfold their understanding and perform rigorous analysis, learning to stay focused inside of the text to construct meaning. Any good instructional planning begins and ends with standards. Note: When you are working with text-dependent questions to establish rigorous classroom discourse and providing students with routine writing tasks to support comprehension and analysis, you are activating most of the standards for Reading, Writing, and Speaking & Listening most of the time. Assessment: Ensure "that the culminating activity fully aligns with the text-dependent questions and focus standards that you have identified."
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Reading Like a Historian: Sourcing Sourcing documents is a key skill within the curriculum for Reading Like A Historian. Discover a way to structure a sourcing lesson for your High School History class. What does it mean that literacy crosses all subjects? In short, this means that because we don’t read novels the same way we read science labs or the same way we read histories, all of us get to teach the different faces of literacy.
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By Kim Yaris Anchor Standard 10 Begs Another Question: In this post, we look at the part of anchor standard ten that says that students should read grade level complex text independently. 1. Expose them to a lot of text. 2. Let them practice using texts at their independent and instructional reading level. 3. Provide them really thoughtful guidance during shared reading of grade-level texts.
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By Barbara Blackburn The new Common Core State Standards require that students read more complex texts. What are ways teachers can provide support for new levels of rigor?
Lucy Calkins. 3 Ways to Help Your Students Become Strategic Readers. Instructor, April, 1997, pages 40-41 Linda Fielding and C. Roller. Making Difficult Books Accessible and Easy Books Acceptable. The Reading Teacher, May, 1992, pages 678-685. The Common Core State Standards: www.corestandards.org.
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The Council of Chief State School Officers this week released a new set of guidelines that are designed to help states revise, revamp, or rewrite their English-language proficiency standards so that they align with the common core standards in English/language arts and mathematics, as well as the new content standards that are still under development for science.
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Common Core State Standards TOOLBOX Doug Fisher defines close reading. "Close reading is an instructional approach that requires readers to re-read a text several times and really develop a deep understanding of the content contained in the text. The purpose is to build the habits of readers as they engage with the complex texts and to build their stamina and skills for being able to do so independently. However, close reading doesn’t mean that you simply distribute a complex reading and then exhort them to read it again and again until they understand it. As part of a close reading, students "read with a pencil" and learn to annotate as they go. In addition, they are asked text-dependent questions that require that they produce evidence from the text as part of their responses."
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What do the results from the writing test from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), better known as the Nation’s Report Card, tell us? Students were asked to perform writing tasks in three areas:
Results
Key Points for School Leaders
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A DISTRICT PERSPECTIVE: SCAFFOLDING TEXT COMPLEXITY FOR AT-RISK READERS Perhaps the increased rigor of the common core will help us to eradicate the gap between those students who are reading at grade level and those who are not. Even so, the process will not be immediate. And while I support the common core, I also realize that not all students will be able to read independently at the lowest level of the text bands without scaffolding, let alone at the high end of the text bands.
Ted Caron's comment,
September 25, 2012 11:14 PM
The second "scaffolding" section presents a list of helpful interventions for at-risk readers. Having said this, it's unclear, at least at this point, the extent to which such interventions (e.g. providing a summary or vocabulary in advance of a reading) undermine the value of reading a complex text in the first place. Of all the interventions, small group or one-to-one instruction--complete with interactive or divided notes and a list of prepared and VERY text-specific questions--may be the most effective and appropriate intervention of all, provided that we have the resources and time to give.
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Reading Std #8: Delineate and evaluate argument and specific claims in a text, assessing reasoning & evidence.
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"In general, I’m a fan of anything that gets students writing, and there are real benefits to giving students the gift of textual brevity rather than the stomach-churning fear of a five-paragraph structured essay. I’ve done quite a few articles on the benefits of Twitter’s 140-character approach to writing and my teacher’s gut says the same applies to text messaging. Truth, studies on this topic are inconclusive."
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R.CCR.9–that’s the ninth College/Career Readiness anchor standard within the Reading strand of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for ELA / Literacy–reads as follows: Analyze ...
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This tool is designed to help educators achieve deep levels of understanding about the Common Core writing standards.
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