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"Our data-driven society is churning out more information than traditional storage technology can handle, so scientists are looking for a solution in Nature's hard drive: DNA. A pair of researchers at Columbia University and the New York Genome Center recently wrote a full computer operating system, an 1895 French film, an Amazon gift card and other files into DNA strands and retrieved them without errors, according to a study published in the latest edition of Science." 
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"IBM scientists have created randomly spiking neurons using phase-change materials to store and process data. This demonstration marks a significant step forward in the development of energy-efficient, ultra-dense integrated neuromorphic technologies for applications in cognitive computing. Inspired by the way the biological brain functions, scientists have theorized for decades that it should be possible to imitate the versatile computational capabilities of large populations of neurons. However, doing so at densities and with a power budget that would be comparable to those seen in biology has been a significant challenge, until now."
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A new paper discusses the efficiency of neuronal computing and the ways in which we might better model the brain's function in future hardware. In some significant ways, we're clearly on the right track already.
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"Stanford bioengineers have developed faster, more energy-efficient microchips based on the human brain – 9,000 times faster and using significantly less power than a typical PC. This offers greater possibilities for advances in robotics and a new way of understanding the brain. For instance, a chip as fast and efficient as the human brain could drive prosthetic limbs with the speed and complexity of our own actions."
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"Materials scientists at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have created a new type of transistor that mimics the behavior of a synapse. The synaptic transistor simultaneously modulates the flow of information in a circuit and physically adapts to changing signals. The technology could lead to creation of a new kind of artificial intelligence which is embedded in the very architecture of a computer rather than software."
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"What if you could build a computer that works just like the human brain?Scientists have started to imagine the possibilities: We could invent new forms of industrial machinery, create fully autonomous thinking cars, devise new kinds of home appliances. A new project in Europe hopes to create a computer brain just that powerful in the next ten years -- and it’s incredibly well-funded."
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"The human cerebellum is a mysterious thing. Responsible for motor control, it’s the reason why we can walk, run, or learn to hit a baseball without having to consciously think through the mechanics of what we’re doing. These are some of the tasks that robots — with their ‘electronic’ brains — struggle with most."
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Spiders are capable of some amazing things – not the least of which is weaving strong-as-steel webs from silk. Now, scientists at the Institut de Physique de Rennes in France have found a way to incorporate this amazing material into biodegradable computer chips. Some say that this unprecedented combination of natural materials and advanced technology could yield medical devices that can be implanted safely and then remain in the body indefinitely.
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A cat can recognize a face faster and more efficiently than a supercomputer. That's one reason a feline brain is the model for a biologically-inspired computer project.
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"A brain-inspired computing component provides the most faithful emulation yet of connections among neurons in the human brain, researchers say. The so-called memristor, an electrical component whose resistance relies on how much charge has passed through it in the past, mimics the way calcium ions behave at the junction between two neurons in the human brain, the study said. That junction is known as a synapse. The researchers said the new device could lead to significant advances in brain-inspired—or neuromorphic—computers, which could be much better at perceptual and learning tasks than traditional computers, as well as far more energy efficient."
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"Carnegie Mellon University is embarking on a five-year, $12 million research effort to reverse-engineer the brain, seeking to unlock the secrets of neural circuitry and the brain's learning methods. Researchers will use these insights to make computers think more like humans."
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Mechanical engineers at the Babol University of Technology in Mazandaran, Iran, have turned to nature to devise an algorithm based on the survival trials faced by salmon swimming upstream to the spawning grounds to help them fish out the optimal solution to a given problem.
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Brains are the most powerful computers known. Now microchips built to mimic insects' nervous systems have been shown to successfully tackle technical computing problems like object recognition and data mining, researchers say.
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"If you think about it, the human brain is a magical thing. It's capable of computing complicated algorithms on only 20 watts of energy, making it a computationally powerful and compact natural creation that is 10,000 times more dense and efficient than a computer. That natural efficiency has inspired IBM to create a computer fueled on liquid energy, or "electronic blood" that has the ability to carry power in and take heat out — much like the human circulatory system already does."
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"Inspired by nothing less than the human brain, IBM announced today a new "software ecosystem" that is designed for programming silicon chips that have a dramatically different architecture. The breakthrough technology, the company stated in a press release, could enable “a new generation of intelligent sensor networks that mimic the brain’s abilities for perception, action, and cognition."
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A new way of creating on-off switches could lead to brain-like computing devices.
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Researchers found that bumblebees can quickly map out the shortest routes between flowers, a behavior that could inspire faster computers.
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"If biomimicry is the instance of technology emulating nature, then this must be something like the opposite: researchers at Kobe University have built a computer out of crabs."
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