The skin is the human body’s largest organ. At 1.8 square meters for the average adult, skin covers about as much area as a large closet, and accounts for 12-15% of total body weight.
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Mucosal Immunity
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Introduction The intestinal microbiota comprises bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, helminths and viruses that symbiotically inhabit the digestive system. To date, research has provided limited data on the possible association between an active lifestyle and a healthy composition of human...
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Respiratory diseases are frequently characterised by epithelial injury, airway inflammation, defective tissue repair, and airway remodelling. This may occur in a subacute or chronic context, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or occur acutely as in pathogen challenge and...
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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe acute respiratory symptoms. Due to the lack of medical countermeasures, effective and safe vaccines against MERS-CoV infection are urgently required.
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T lymphocytes play important roles in the skin and mucosal surfaces such as the gut
and lung. Until recently the contributions of T cells to mammalian bladder immunity
were largely unknown. With newer techniques, including single-cell RNA sequencing
and reporter mice, an understanding is emerging of T cell roles in bladder diseases
(bacterial infections, bladder cancer, chronic inflammation). In these pathologies,
many bladder T cell responses can be harmful to the host through suboptimal clearance
of bacteria or cancer cells, or by modulating autoinflammation.
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Vierboom et al. demonstrate the induction of trained immunity in blood and bone marrow
monocytes after vaccination with live attenuated TB vaccines in nonhuman primates. Mucosal respiratory delivery of BCG or MTBVAC induces trained immunity more efficiently compared to standard intradermal...
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Sufficient exposure to natural environments, in particular soil and its microbes, has been suggested to be protective against allergies.We aim at gain…...
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other references on polyps https://www.scoop.it/topic/mucosal-immunity?q=polyps
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The host response to SARS-CoV-2 results in significant inflammation. To understand
this biology, Hoagland and Møller et al. utilize infected hamsters to elucidate transcriptional
footprints across tissues longitudinally, showing an inflammatory response beyond
the site of acute replication. Local administration of IFN-I reduces virus load and
improves immune infiltrate.
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Human microbiome has emerged as a central research topic in human biology and biomedicine. Current microbiome studies generate high-throughput omics data across different body sites, populations, and lifetime.
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The host-defense peptide LL-37 protects the host against group A Streptococcus (GAS)
infections. Biswas et al. demonstrate that GAS ScpC protease cleaves LL-37. The cleavage
abrogates LL-37-mediated activation of P2X7R and EGFR.
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Sci Immunol. 2021 Feb 26;6(56):eabb7221. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb7221. ABSTRACT Mast cells (MCs) play a pathobiologic role in type 2 (T2) allergic inflammatory diseases of the airway, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).
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Hundreds of thousands of viruses can lurk in our guts — but how they impact our bodies is a mystery.
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Preclinical tests at UAB last year showed potent systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice after a single intranasal dose. The vaccine candidate was developed by Maryland-based Altimmune Inc. Credit: UAB BIRMINGHAM, Ala.
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Innate immune responses are important to protect the neonatal lung, which becomes exposed to commensal and pathogenic microorganisms immediately after birth, at a time when both the lung and the adaptive immune system are still developing. How immune cells in the neonatal lung respond to innate immune stimuli, including toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, or viruses, is currently unclear. To address this, adult and neonatal mice were intranasally administered with various innate immune stimuli, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza virus and cytokine and chemokine levels were quantified. The neonatal lungs responded weakly to RSV and most stimuli but more strongly than adult mice to R848 and influenza virus, both of which activate TLR7 and the inflammasome. Notably, neonatal lungs also contained higher levels of cAMP, a secondary messenger produced following adenosine receptor signaling, than adult lungs and increased responsiveness to R848 was observed in adult mice when adenosine was coadministered. Our data suggest that the neonatal lung may respond preferentially to stimuli that coactivate TLR7 and the inflammasome and that these responses may be amplified by extracellular adenosine. Improved understanding of regulation of immune responses in the neonatal lung can inform the development of vaccine adjuvants for the young.
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During respiration, humans breathe in more than 10,000 liters of non-sterile air daily, allowing some pathogens access to alveoli. Interestingly, alve…
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Chronic viral infections increase severity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) coinfection.Here, we examined how chronic viral infections alter the p…...
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Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub>) cells expressing the interleukin (IL)-33 receptor ST2 mediate tissue repair in response to IL-33. Whether T<sub>reg</sub> cells also respond to the alarmin IL-33 to regulate specific aspects of the immune response is not known.
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Scientists have stumbled across the reason for wombats’ unique cube-shaped poo, finding proof you can fit a square peg through a round hole.
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La Chine recourt de façon croissante aux dépistages rectaux pour tester les sujets à risque et les voyageurs arrivant de l'étranger. La méthode rebute.
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