
Understanding the mechano–biological coupling mechanisms of biomaterials for tissue engineering is of major importance to assure proper scaffold performance in situ. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to establish correlations between biomaterials, their processing conditions, and their mechanical behaviour, as well as their biological performance. In a collaborative work between CDRSP-Politécnico de Leiria and SCERG-iBB (João C. Silva and Frederico Ferreira), it was possible to infer a correlation between the addition of different concentrations of graphene nanoparticles (GPN) in three-dimensional poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based scaffolds, their extrusion-based processing parameters, and the lamellar crystal orientation observed in the different scaffolds through small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. Moreover, in vitro cell culture studies performed at SCERG-iBB demonstrated the suitability and potential of these novel 3D PCL/GPN scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The results of this study were just published in Polymers.