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Scoop.it!
Synthetically modified guide RNA and donor DNA are a versatile platform for CRISPR-Cas9 engineering | The guide RNA and donor DNA of the CRISPR/Cas system tolerate large chemical modifications and can be engineered for enhanced delivery and gene editing. 
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BigField GEG Tech's insight:
In this study, the authors demonstrate that Cpf1, a putative class 2 CRISPR effector, mediates robust DNA interference with features distinct from Cas9. Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease lacking tracrRNA, and it utilizes a T-rich protospacer-adjacent motif. Moreover, Cpf1 cleaves DNA via a staggered DNA double-stranded break. Identifying this mechanism of interference broadens our understanding of CRISPR-Cas systems and advances their genome editing applications.
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Scoop.it!
BigField GEG Tech's insight:
This review highlights the attributes and advantages of chemically synthesized guide RNAs including the incorporation of chemical modifications to enhance gene editing efficiencies in certain applications. The use of synthetic guide RNAs is also uniquely suited to genome-scale high throughput arrayed screening, particularly when using complex phenotypic assays for functional genomics studies. Finally, the use of synthetic guide RNAs along with DNA-free sources of Cas9 (mRNA or protein) allows for transient CRISPR-Cas9 presence in the cell, thereby resulting in a decreased probability of off-target events.
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In this report, the scientists demonstrate that the gRNAs of Cas9 and Cpf1, and donor DNA can be chemically modified at their terminal positions without losing activity. The tolerance of the gRNA and donor DNA to chemical modifications has the potential to enable new strategies for genome engineering.