A must-read grand tour of tools & techniques for decision leadership, from two Harvard professors  / consultants. My summary:

Leaders can architect decisions through a five-step process:

1. Understand biases
1. Kahneman, thinking fast and slow, system 1 and system 2

1. Understand behavioral issues at the heart of poor decisions
1. Burnout?
2. Technology / knowledge issues?
3. Narrow down the problem

1. Determine causes
1. Insufficient motivation?
1. e.g. an onboarding process that failed to create an emotional connection
1. Cognitive bias?
1. Action-oriented
2. Bias from perception and judgment of alternatives
3. Biases from framing of alternatives
4. Stability bias: prefer the status quo
1. Seek to shift from System 1 to System 2

1. Redesign the decision-making context
1. Use choice architectures and nudges e.g. Thaler
1. e.g. sign near big plates at google about portion size
1. e.g. opt-in vs. opt-out retirement planning
1. Trigger system 1: tap into emotions
2. Harness biases, e.g. loss aversion: "pay your tax or lose your car"
3. Simplify processes
4. Engage system 2
1. Reflection, broaden thinking, increase accountability, use reminders, and more
1. Skirt systems 1 and 2 altogether using default and automatic systems

1. Rigorously test
1. Identify outcome
1. Focus on one solution at a time
1. Think in terms of treatment and control groups