This Review summarizes current evidence on pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and focuses on adults without immune-compromising conditions.

This cohort study characterizes temporal changes in plasma biomarkers, identifies factors associated with changes in plasma biomarkers over time, and evaluates the prospective associations of plasma biomarkers with late-life all-cause dementia.

Objectives: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with adverse health outcomes, especially within the older adult population, underlining the need for effective interventions. This systematic review and metaanalysis aims to summarize all available evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for loneliness and social isolation, to map out their working mechanisms, and to give implications for policy and practice.

Conclusions and Implications: Interventions for loneliness and social isolation can generally be effective, although some unexplained between-study heterogeneity remains. Further research is needed regarding the applicability of interventions across different settings and countries, also considering their cost-effectiveness

Abstract. The UK is launching a new free vaccination programme against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults aged 75 or over. This follows the develo

PAH deficiency, although a rare inborn disorder of metabolism, is among the most common
disorders detected through newborn screening, with a global prevalence of approximately
1:24 000 livebirths1 and an estimated half a million individuals affected worldwide.
PAH deficiency is also colloquially known as phenylketonuria because of its association
with urinary phenylpyruvate excretion, a detectable phenotype that was used clinically
for diagnosis before the advent of amino acid analysis and measurement of blood L-Phe.

In this longitudinal cohort study of participants who were predominantly aged 70 years and above, without a prior CVD event or major cognitive impairments, ASCVDRS and SCORE2-OP were associated with an increased risk of dementia and cognitive decline among both men and women. The FRS, however, was not associated with the risk of dementia, but was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline for women only. Our study demonstrated clear differences in the associations depending on the risk score examined and, in particular, a lack of evidence that FRS was associated with risk of dementia

This prospective study of 248 patients ≥65 years with cancer in need for surgery shows that out one of six patients developed postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) 3 months after surgery. Age >75, preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤26 and major surgery were independent significant predictors for POCD. No significant relations were found between the early inflammatory response for the markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the development of POCD. This study contributes in unraveling the complex and multifactorial etiology of the development of POCD.

Modern hygiene has been described as the reaction against the old fatalistic creed that deaths inevitably occur at a constant rate. The study of vital statistics shows that there is no “iron law of mortality.” According to a report1 prepared for the National Conservation Commission fiftee

People who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 tended to score slightly worse on cognitive assessments—particularly in memory, reasoning, and tasks that require executive function—than those who were not infected, according to data from about 113 000 participants in England. The score was th

This is a transformative time for patients with Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease is increasingly viewed as a treatable condition and managed like other major chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer. Management of Alzheimer disease includes early diagnosis with molecula

This prospective study evaluates a clinically available Alzheimer disease blood test in primary and secondary care using predefined biomarker cutoff values.

This special article emphasizes the complex interplay between specific fracture types, their management options, and the roles of comorbidity and polypharmacy, highlighting the essential role of orthogeriatricians. Orthogeriatricians navigate the complexities posed by comorbidities, frailty, and polypharmacy, significantly influencing treatment outcomes

Abstract. The 30th Olympiad took place in July 2024. At first glance, sports science and training of elite athletes may appear to be of little relevance to

If time or other resources do not permit the full implementation of GRADE, the following recommendations can be considered:

(1) limit rating COE to the main intervention and comparator and limit the number of outcomes to critical benefits and harms;

(2) if a literature review or a Delphi approach to rate the importance of outcomes is not feasible, rely on informal judgements of knowledge users, topic experts or team members; (3) replace independent rating of the COE by two reviewers with single-reviewer rating and verification by a second reviewer and

(4) if effect estimates of a well-conducted systematic review are incorporated into an RR, use existing COE grades from such a review. We advise against changing the definition of COE or the domains considered part of the GRADE approach for RRs.

This study developed and internally validated a screening tool using diverse data sources to predict adverse outcomes in older adults 6 months post-ED visit. The model's accuracy was moderate, and compared to existing tools performs favorably, surpassing two commonly cited ED screening tools: ISAR and TRST.

In their article, Ganguli and colleagues characterized a new measure of health care utilization—“health care contact days.” The editorialists find the measure a promising new way to understand ho