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# Cointelation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cointelation is a portmanteau neologism in finance, designed to signify a hybrid method between COINTegration and corrELATION techniques.

Correlation is typically used by financial practitioners, when representing relationships between assets. However, academics have long since questioned this method due to the plethora of issues that plague it related to spurious correlation. Academics often think cointegration is a natural replacement in some of the cases as it is able to represent the physical reality of these assets better. However, despite this general academic consensus, cointegration is not widely used by financial practitioners.[1] So in 2012 Babak Mahdavi Damghani, Daniella Welch, Ciaran O'Malley and Stephen Knights proposed a hybrid method to encourage financial practitioners to begin to utilise cointelation as a superior alternative to both correlation and cointegration. The cointelation relationship can be described by the following dynamical system:

$\frac{dS_{t}}{S_{t}} = r dt + \sigma dW_t$

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# Wikipedia & Learning Support 1

Collection of Important and Useful Articles.
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## Modern portfolio theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a theory of finance that attempts to maximize portfolio expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return, by carefully choosing the proportions of various assets. Although MPT is widely used in practice in the financial industry and several of its creators won a Nobel memorial prize for the theory,[1] in recent years the basic assumptions of MPT have been widely challenged by fields such as behavioral economics.

MPT is a mathematical formulation of the concept of diversification in investing, with the aim of selecting a collection of investment assets that has collectively lower risk than any individual asset. This is possible, intuitively speaking, because different types of assets often change in value in opposite ways.[2] For example, to the extent prices in the stock market move differently from prices in the bond market, a collection of both types of assets can in theory face lower overall risk than either individually. But diversification lowers risk even if assets' returns are not negatively correlated—indeed, even if they are positively correlated.[3]

More technically, MPT models an asset's return as a normally distributed function (or more generally as an elliptically distributed random variable), defines risk as the standard deviation of return, and models a portfolio as a weighted combination of assets, so that the return of a portfolio is the weighted combination of the assets' returns. By combining different assets whose returns are not perfectly positively correlated, MPT seeks to reduce the total variance of the portfolio return. MPT also assumes that investors are rational and markets are efficient.

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## Technology Integration in Education #1: Twitter

I am writing a series of blog posts related to the integration of technology in the classroom. Each blog post will include practical examples of how to use a specific tool and integrate it into you...

We are living in revolutionary times. It is urgent that we think of education, children and teaching differently from the past. The classroom needs to be a place of innovation where students are able to connect with others, feel empowered and curious and have a say in their learning. Technology provides us with tools to expand our minds and extend our reach (Sir Ken Robinson, 2014).

Via Gust MEES
Gust MEES's curator insight,

The classroom needs to be a place of innovation where students are able to connect with others, feel empowered and curious and have a say in their learning. Technology provides us with tools to expand our minds and extend our reach (Sir Ken Robinson, 2014).

Marisol Pamela Hernández Orellana's curator insight,

Mientras nosotros los docentes (cosa que personalmente no comparto!) estamos pensando que las redes sociales y la tecnología distraen al estudiante....ellos las utilizan y se forman!!! ....de modo que quién se esta quedando atrás???

Nicole Sprainger's curator insight,

Another Ken Robinson "gem!"

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## Does Economics need Physics in order to Create Models?

Reblogged on WordPress.com
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## Quantifying the Rise and Fall of Complexity in Closed Systems: The Coffee Automaton

In contrast to entropy, which increases monotonically, the "complexity" or "interestingness" of closed systems seems intuitively to increase at first and then decrease as equilibrium is approached. For example, our universe lacked complex structures at the Big Bang and will also lack them after black holes evaporate and particles are dispersed. This paper makes an initial attempt to quantify this pattern. As a model system, we use a simple, two-dimensional cellular automaton that simulates the mixing of two liquids ("coffee" and "cream"). A plausible complexity measure is then the Kolmogorov complexity of a coarse-grained approximation of the automaton's state, which we dub the "apparent complexity." We study this complexity measure, and show analytically that it never becomes large when the liquid particles are non-interacting. By contrast, when the particles do interact, we give numerical evidence that the complexity reaches a maximum comparable to the "coffee cup's" horizontal dimension. We raise the problem of proving this behavior analytically.

Quantifying the Rise and Fall of Complexity in Closed Systems: The Coffee Automaton
Scott Aaronson, Sean M. Carroll, Lauren Ouellette

http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.6903

Via Complexity Digest
Eli Levine's curator insight,

Story of the universe.

An imperfect and potentially unstable homeostasis is reached and then dashed out of order.  It is then remade in a different, if sometimes similar matter, and the cycle repeats, as far as we can tell at present.

Think of a revolution in a society: the seeds of the old order's collapse is rooted in the system and the psychologies it encourages and promotes.  Eventually, chaos sets in, and things are thrown out such that a "new" system emerges that, hopefully, is able and willing to learn from the mistakes of the past, in order to produce an anti-fragile social and political system.

The universe is going to end and everything is going to be dashed out, even if we do become otherwise perfectly capable of enduring, mitigating against and recovering from any disaster.  The question then is how quickly will the universe reset itself once its own imperfections come to light and another transition occurs?

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## What Students Really Need to Hear

It's 4 a.m.  I've struggled for the last hour to go to sleep.  But, I can't.  Yet again, I am tossing and turning, unable to shut down my brain.  Why?  Because I am stressed about my students.  Rea...

Via Scott MacClintic
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Rich students complete their college degrees; working-class students like Vanessa Brewer usually don’t. Can the University of Texas change her chances of success?

Via Scott MacClintic
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## Gesturing with Hands is a Powerful Tool for Children Learning Math | Neuroscience News Research Articles | Neuroscience Social Network

Neuroscience News has recent neuroscience research articles, brain research news, neurology studies and neuroscience resources for neuroscientists, students, and science fans and is always free to join.

Via Scott MacClintic
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## Edcamps: Remixing Professional Development

The term professional development (PD) has taken on many incarnations during the time I've been involved in education.

Via Scott MacClintic
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## Tranformative Use of iPads in the Education: Pedagogy, Examples, Ac...

Tranformative Use of iPads in the Education: Pedagogy, Examples, Activities (Tranformative Use of iPads in Education: Pedagogy, Examples, Activities http://t.co/qPCwUSJkvV @debraprinc @B1Brie #sctechhubs...

Via Scott MacClintic
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## A Importância de Aprender várias Línguas - Arthur Schopenhauer - Citador

Pessoas com poucas capacidades não conseguirão realmente assimilar com facilidade uma língua estrangeira: embora aprendam as suas palavras, empregam-nas apenas no significado do equivalente aproximad...
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## Postdoctoral Researcher in Analysis and Modeling of Social Networks | Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research

The Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research (CNetS.indiana.edu) at Indiana University, Bloomington has an open postdoctoral position to study how ideas propagate through complex online social networks. The position is funded by a McDonnell Foundation's grant in Complex Systems (www.jsmf.org/grants/2011022/). The appointment starts as early as possible after January 2013 for one year and is renewable for up to 2 additional years. The salary is competitive and benefits are generous.

The postdoc will join a dynamic and interdisciplinary team that includes computer, physical, and cognitive scientists. The postdoc will work with PIs Filippo Menczer and Alessandro Flammini, other postdocs, and several PhD students on analysis and modeling of social media data. Areas of focus will include information diffusion patterns, epidemic models for the spread of ideas, interactions between network traffic and structure dynamics, and agent-based models to explain the emergence of viral bursts of attention. Domains of study will include politics, scientific knowledge, and world events. Go to the grant page or cnets.indiana.edu/groups/nan/truthy for further details on the team and project.

The ideal candidate will have a PhD in computing or physical sciences; a strong background in analysis and modeling of complex systems and networks; and solid programming skills necessary to handle big data and develop large scale simulations.

To apply, send a CV and names and emails of three references by email toor by mail to CNetS, 919 E 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA. Applications received by 15 December 2012 will receive full consideration, but applications will be considered until the position is filled.

Indiana University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. Applications from women and minorities are strongly encouraged. IU Bloomington is vitally interested in the needs of Dual Career couples.

Via Complexity Digest
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## IVMOOC: Information Visualization

Complexity Digest's curator insight,

The Information Visualization MOOC is now open for registration at http://ivmooc.cns.iu.edu. The first class "event" is on Jan 22, 2013. See http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/23675.html?emailID=23675 for more information.

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## 1303.5552v1.pdf

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## The Stages Of Education Technology

The Stages Of Education Technology

Via ICTPHMS
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## Loneliness of the Long Distance Roadrunner- Stanford Magazine

When I was trying to get Stanford Magazine to run a review of Notes to a New Teacher, I asked if I could submit a short piece for the column at the end of the magazine.  Editor Jennifer Worrell sug...
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## The Dawn of a New Era in Videoconferencing

What’s the future of video collaboration? I can quickly sum it up: exponential growth in the number of people and the number of places from where people will be collaborating via video.

Via Color-Art
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A badass teacher isn't something one is by virtue of membership in a group or by ascribing to a certain set of specific beliefs or behaviors, says teacher Laura Thomas.

Via Scott MacClintic
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## 14 things that are obsolete in 21st century schools

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## The inverted calculus course and self-regulated learning - Casting Out Nines - The Chronicle of Higher Education

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## Tons of Google Forms for Teachers, Administrators and Students ~ Educational Technology and Mobile Learning

Art Custer's curator insight,

Brian Cugell shared this ...

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And other insights from a ground- breaking study of how parents impact children’s academic achievement

Via Scott MacClintic
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## Earnings response coefficient - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In financial economics, the earnings response coefficient, or ERC, is the estimated relationship between equity returns and the unexpected portion of (i.e., new information in) companies' earnings announcements.

Arbitrage pricing theory describes the theoretical relationship between information that is known to market participants about a particular equity (e.g., a common stock share of a particular company) and the price of that equity. Under the efficient market hypothesis, equity prices are expected in the aggregate to reflect all relevant information at a given time. Market participants with superior information are expected to exploit that information until share prices have effectively impounded the information. Therefore, in the aggregate, a portion of changes in a company's share price is expected to result from changes in the relevant information available to the market. The ERC is an estimate of the change in a company's stock price due to the information provided in a company's earnings announcement.

The ERC is expressed mathematically as follows:

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## Ken Robinson: How to escape education's death valley

Sir Ken Robinson outlines 3 principles crucial for the human mind to flourish -- and how current education culture works against them. In a funny, stirring talk he tells us how to get out of the educational "death valley" we now face, and how to nurture our youngest generations with a climate of possibility.

Via Complexity Digest
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## Introduction to Complexity | Santa Fe Institute

Instructor: Melanie Mitchell
Launch date: January 28, 2013
Prerequisites: None
Cost: Free
Credit offered: None, though everyone who successfully finishes the course will receive a certificate of completion from the Santa Fe Institute.
Course length: 11 weeks
Approximate workload: 3-6 hours per week

Via Complexity Digest

Curso en línea

Trimtab-in-Training 's comment, January 2, 2013 9:36 PM
Thank You, Thank You, Thank You, Thank You, Thank You, Thank You...(pause for breathe) THANK YOU for this post! This is awesome!
John Symons's comment, January 3, 2013 4:22 PM
You're welcome!
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## Why Do Firms Pay Stock Dividends: Is it Just a Stock Split? by Xi He, Mingsheng Li, Jing Shi, Garry Twite :: SSRN

This paper examines why firms choose to pay stock dividends. Using a sample of listed Chinese firms, we find that younger, more profitable firms, with lower lev
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