Virology News
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Topical news snippets about viruses that affect people. And other things.
Curated by Ed Rybicki
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Major breakthrough in HIV prevention

Major breakthrough in HIV prevention | Virology News | Scoop.it
MELBOURNE researchers have developed cows' milk that can defend human cells against HIV.

Lead researcher, University of Melbourne's Marit Kramski said they vaccinated pregnant cows - which cannot contract human immunodeficiency virus - with an HIV protein [Env?] and studied the first milk produced by the cow after birth.

HIV cases in Australia on the rise

Dr Kramski said this first milk, called colostrum, produced milk high in antibodies to protect its newborn against disease.

The researchers were able to inhibit the virus from infecting cells when "combing the virus cells with milk" [sic - I think they mean combining the virus with milk containing antibodies].

 

I think this is very interesting, and has potential for trial in monkeys - not humans, because there is the little problem of the antibodies that would go into a virucidal cream being from cows - meaning they would elicit an immune response, unlike the humanised anti-HIV monoclonals being made in plants by the Fraunhofer Institute.

 

Still, using cow's milk is an inventive thing to do - and sounds like a very cheap source of antibodies.  Except that colostrum is ONLY produced immediately after birth of a calf, so it will nothing like as cheap as milk.

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Killers on the loose: the deadly viruses that threaten human survival

Killers on the loose: the deadly viruses that threaten human survival | Virology News | Scoop.it
Could the next big animal-human disease wipe us out?

 

I do so love a good scare story.  Especially about viruses.


Via Chris Upton + helpers
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Future Virology Introducing yesterday’s phage therapy in today’s medicine

Future Virology Introducing yesterday’s phage therapy in today’s medicine | Virology News | Scoop.it

The worldwide emergence of ‘superbugs’ and a dry antibiotic pipeline threaten modern society with a return to the preantibiotic era. Phages – the viruses of bacteria – could help fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Phage therapy was first attempted in 1919 by Felix d’Herelle and was commercially developed in the 1930s before being replaced by antibiotics in most of the western world.

 

I have long had a fascination for the use of phages to treat disease - and now it looks like it's the new-new wave of the future, as antibiotics begin to fail.

Image courtesy of Russell Kightley Media


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Virology Journal | Abstract | Rabies molecular virology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment

Virology Journal | Abstract | Rabies molecular virology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment | Virology News | Scoop.it
Rabies is an avertable viral disease caused by the rabid animal to the warm blooded animals (zoonotic) especially human. Rabies occurs in more than 150 countries and territories.

 

A very useful review on something that is an underestimated problem in developing countries.

Image courtesy of Russell Kightley Media (http://www.rkm.com.au)


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Virology - Plant virus expression vectors set the stage as production platforms for biopharmaceutical proteins

Virology - Plant virus expression vectors set the stage as production platforms for biopharmaceutical proteins | Virology News | Scoop.it

"Transgenic plants present enormous potential as a cost-effective and safe platform for large-scale production of vaccines and other therapeutic proteins. A number of different technologies are under development for the production of pharmaceutical proteins from plant tissues. One method used to express high levels of protein in plants involves the employment of plant virus expression vectors. Plant virus vectors have been designed to carry vaccine epitopes as well as full therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies in plant tissue both safely and effectively. Biopharmaceuticals such as these offer enormous potential on many levels, from providing relief to those who have little access to modern medicine, to playing an active role in the battle against cancer. This review describes the current design and status of plant virus expression vectors used as production platforms for biopharmaceutical proteins."

 

And of course, let it not be forgotten that our group has pioneered the use of mastreviruses in this regard: maize streak virus in 1999-2001, and bean yellow dwarf in 2010 and since.

Investigation of the potential of maize streak virus to act as an infectious gene vector in maize plants.


Palmer KE, Rybicki EP.
Arch Virol. 2001;146(6):1089-104.


Generation of maize cell lines containing autonomously replicating maize streak virus-based gene vectors.
Palmer KE, Thomson JA, Rybicki EP.
Arch Virol. 1999;144(7):1345-60.

 

High level protein expression in plants through the use of a novel autonomously replicating geminivirus shuttle vector.
Regnard GL, Halley-Stott RP, Tanzer FL, Hitzeroth II, Rybicki EP.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2010 Jan;8(1):38-46. Epub 2009 Nov 19.

 

...not to mention a treatise on ssDNA virus vectors in plants:

 

Virus-Derived ssDNA Vectors for the Expression of Foreign Proteins in Plants.
Rybicki EP, Martin DP.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2011 Oct 29. [Epub ahead of print]


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Influenza animation - flu virus mechanism

Animation of the mechanism of an influenza virus and how Crucell's antibodies target the HA1 proteins on the virus and prevent further spread of influenza.

 

Might be an advert, but it's one of the nicest animations of flu virus entry and neutralisation that I've ever seen.  In fact, it's the ONLY one!

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