The genome sequence of Ustilago hordei revealed that transposable elements were involved in restructuring of the genome, which affected fungal reproductive biology and evolution of genes encoding effector proteins. Publication year: 2012Source:Trends in Plant Science, Volume 17, Issue 5Karen J. Kloth, Manus P.M. Thoen, Harro J. Bouwmeester, Maarten A. 
Publication year: 2012Source:Trends in Microbiology, Volume 20, Issue 5Stephanie R. Shames, B. Brett Finlay Bacterial pathogens are dependent on virulence factors to efficiently colonize and propagate within their hosts. 
Publication year: 2012Source:Trends in Plant ScienceAndrea A. Gust, Roland Willmann, Yoshitake Desaki, Heini M. 
by Christoph Hemetsberger, Christian Herrberger, Bernd Zechmann, Morten Hillmer, Gunther Doehlemann Plasma membrane-resident receptor kinases (RKs) initiate signalling pathways important for plant immunity and development. 
Summary•Ethylene plays a crucial role in plant resistance to necrotrophic pathogens, in which ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs (ERFs) are often involved.•Here, we evaluated the role of an ERF transcription factor, RELATED TO AP2 2 (RAP2.2), in Botrytis... A series of graduate student conversations with leading women biologists, at the Women in Science Symposium at Cornell April 2-3. 
Publication year: 2012Source:Current Opinion in Plant BiologyYu Ti Cheng, Xin Li As a common protein modification, ubiquitination is used for regulating the fate of protein targets, notably in terms of stability. A Xanthomonas uridine 5′-monophosphate transferase inhibits plant immune kinasesNature , 15042012 doi: 10.1038/nature10962Feng Feng Fan Yang Wei Rong Xiaogang Wu Jie Zhang She Chen Chaozu He Jian-Min Zhou Plant innate immunity is activated on the...
Summary•While photosynthetic NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) has a prominent role in the C4 cycle, the biological function of nonphotosynthetic isoforms remains elusive. 
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Volume 25, Issue 5, Page 697-708, May 2012. 
Publication year: 2012Source:Physiological and Molecular Plant PathologyJeannette Vera, Jorge Castro, Rodrigo A. |
This article presents a method to screen a plant cDNA library for genes encoding proteins that interact with a bait protein directly in plants using bimolecular fluorescence complementation technology.
Nature: NPR3 and NPR4 are receptors for the immune signal salicylic acid in plants (2012)
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature11162.html
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant immune signal produced after pathogen challenge to induce systemic acquired resistance. It is the only major plant hormone for which the receptor has not been firmly identified. Systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis requires the transcription cofactor nonexpresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1), the degradation of which acts as a molecular switch. Here we show that the NPR1 paralogues NPR3 and NPR4 are SA receptors that bind SA with different affinities. NPR3 and NPR4 function as adaptors of the Cullin 3 ubiquitin E3 ligase to mediate NPR1 degradation in an SA-regulated manner. Accordingly, the Arabidopsis npr3 npr4 double mutant accumulates higher levels of NPR1, and is insensitive to induction of systemic acquired resistance. Moreover, this mutant is defective in pathogen effector-triggered programmed cell death and immunity. Our study reveals the mechanism of SA perception in determining cell death and survival in response to pathogen challenge. Via Kamoun Lab @ TSL 
Publication year: 2012Source:Trends in Plant ScienceEric Kemen, Jonathan D.G. 
Publication year: 2012Source:Trends in Plant ScienceRoeland L. Berendsen, Corné M.J. Pieterse, Peter A.H.M. Bakker The diversity of microbes associated with plant roots is enormous, in the order of tens of thousands of species.
Summary•Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are obligate endoparasites that maintain a biotrophic relationship with their hosts over a period of several weeks and induce the differentiation of root cells into specialized feeding cells. This work shows that an E3 ubiquitin ligase interacts with, relocalizes, and negatively impacts the abundance of the symbiosis receptor kinase SYMRK. 
by Elizabeth A. Savory, Bishwo N. Adhikari, John P. Hamilton, Brieanne Vaillancourt, C. 
by Christina L. Richards, Ulises Rosas, Joshua Banta, Naeha Bhambhra, Michael D. 
A National Geographic documentary, Sex, Drugs and Plants, shows how plants can think, feel, camouflage…and seduce. After you watch it, you feel badly about how humans are abusing the world of plants and trees, and how closely similar humans are, not only to apes but also to dandelions.... Sex, Drugs and Plants - Watch Free Online A novel putative auxin carrier family regulates intracellular auxin homeostasis in plantsNature , 15042012 doi: 10.1038/nature11001Elke Barbez Martin Kubeš Jakub Rolčík Chloé Béziat Aleš Pěnčík Bangjun Wang Michel Ruiz Rosquete Jinsheng Zhu Petre I. 
Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem healthNature 484, 186 11042012 doi: 10.1038/nature10947Matthew C. Fisher Daniel. A. Henk Cheryl J. Briggs John S. Brownstein Lawrence C. Madoff Sarah L. 
Phytopathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate their hosts for effective colonization. Hemibiotrophic fungi must maintain host viability during initial biotrophic growth and elicit host death for subsequent necrotrophic growth. To identify effectors mediating these opposing processes, we deeply sequenced the transcriptome of Colletotrichum higginsianum infecting Arabidopsis. Most effector genes are host-induced and expressed in consecutive waves associated with pathogenic transitions, indicating distinct effector suites are deployed at each stage. Using fluorescent protein tagging and transmission electron microscopy-immunogold labelling, we found effectors localised to stage-specific compartments at the host-pathogen interface. In particular, we show effectors are focally secreted from appressorial penetration pores before host invasion, revealing new levels of functional complexity for this fungal organ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that antagonistic effectors either induce or suppress plant cell death. Based on these results we conclude that hemibiotrophy in Colletotrichum is orchestrated through the coordinated expression of antagonistic effectors supporting either cell viability or cell death. Via Kamoun Lab @ TSL |
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