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Scooped by Knapco onto Plant health |
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In recent years, multipronged research efforts have brought a new level of understanding about this pathogen's complex biology and disease mechanisms, leading to better management strategies. The key papers presented below, published in Phytopathology, Plant Disease, and Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, tell a story of progress. Free access is available to these papers for a limited time.
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Phytoplasmas are bacteria without cell walls from the class Mollicutes. They are obligate intracellular plant pathogens which cause diseases in hundreds of economically important plants including the grapevine (Vitis vinifera).
Knapco's insight:
This study revealed some fundamental aspects of grapevine interactions with the stolbur 'Bois noir' phytoplasma in particular and some plant interactions with phytoplasmas in general. In addition, the results of the study will likely have an impact on grape improvement by yielding marker genes that can be used in new diagnostic assays for phytoplasmas or by identifying candidate genes that contribute to the improved properties of grape. By: Hren M, Nikolić P, Rotter A, Blejec A, Terrier, Ravnikar M, Dermastia M, Gruden K; BMC Genomics 2009, 10:460 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-460 Delete the scoop?
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The most widespread phytoplasmas, vectors and measures for disease control in Slovenia Phytoplasmas, as fastidious wall-less mollicutes, colonize phloem tissue of many plant species, including grapevine and fruit trees. They are transmitted between plants by vegetative propagation and by sap-sucking insect vectors, which enable spread of the diseases. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’, associated with apple proliferation, ‘Ca. P. prunorum’, associated with European stone fruit yellows and ‘Ca. P. pyri’, associated with pear decline, were detected in several fruit-growing areas of Slovenia. The most widespread phytoplasma on grapevine in Slovenia was the stolbur phytoplasma, (‘bois noir’), but ‘Flavescence dorée’ phytoplasma, associated with serious disease of grapevine, has been detected in Slovenian vineyards. Mehle N et al. (2012) The most widespread phytoplasmas, vectors and measures for disease control in Slovenia.- Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 2011(1)2 p 65- 76. Online ISSN : 2249-4677. IndianJournals.com Delete the scoop?
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Witches' broom disease is sweeping through more than 60 percent of the longan-growing area in the Cuu Long (Mekong) Delta, leaving many farmers with severe losses, according to the Plant Protection Department. The disease appeared in Viet Nam in 2003 from infected longan (Dimocarpus longan) strains imported from neighbouring countries, according to experts. There are no effective measures to prevent or control the disease.
Comment: The news has been published via International Society of Infectious Diseases. For some plant diseases only very few data is available on the extent of the disease, on its biology and epidemiology. Since witches' broom symptoms can apear on differnet fruit species of Prunus, Malus and other fruit trees in other parts of the world, also information on their control should be searched there. The causal agent is phytoplasma, which can be determined only in lab diagnostic procedure. In general the spread of the disease is possible by care for healthy planting material and control of insect vectors. Many new findings have become available in recent years about the transmission and epidemiology of phytoplasma diseases. Delete the scoop?
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George W. Sundin, Editor-in-Chief, Phytopathology:
The bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of Pierce’s disease of grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis, leaf scorch disease of almond and other tree hosts, and phony peach disease. This gram-negative bacterium dwells in the xylem of plants and is transmitted between hosts by xylem-feeding insects. The global X. fastidiosa research community is actively studying a variety of topics, including pathogen virulence, plant host resistance, factors influencing bacterial proliferation in xylem, insect interactions, rapid detection, and population genetics. Researchers are also taking many different approaches in attempts to manage diseases caused by X. fastidiosa.