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Thai, Indonesian rubber sold at 4-year lows - trade

Thai, Indonesian rubber sold at 4-year lows - trade | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
SINGAPORE, July 25 (Reuters) - Thai and Indonesian rubber were traded at their weakest level in at least four years after a steep fall in price-setting Tok.
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Draft genome sequence of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis - 7thSpace Interactive (press release)

Draft genome sequence of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis 7thSpace Interactive (press release) Conclusions: The knowledge gained from this genome sequence will aid in the future development of high-yielding clones to keep up with the ever...
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Extraction of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Seeds Oil Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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Abstract:

In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide is chosen for the extraction and purification of omega-3 fatty acids from Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) oil because this method is environmental friendly and the extracted oil has improved nutritional and functional values. In addition, extraction using this method also can prevent organic solvent residual inside the extracted oil. During the extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide, the oil yield is increased with the increase of temperature and pressure. The best operating condition is pressure of 30 MPa, and temperature of 80 C giving 21.4714% oil yield. The analysis of fatty acids composition is using gas-chromatography. The extracted rubber seeds oil is converted to fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) make it more accessible for chromatogram analysis. From the analysis, the omega-3 fatty acids inside rubber seeds oil especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is the highest compare to soybean oil and olive oil. Beside this, rubber seeds oil also contains oleic acid which is omega-9 and linoleic acid is omega-6. This is the reason rubber seeds oil can be regard as oleic-linolenic seed oil. Alpha-linolenic acid is the precursor to convert polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Oleic acid (Omega-9) has the potential for heart protection and cancer prevention but still in the state of prove. On the other hands, the linoleic acid, the element of omega-6 has the benefits to treat to treat arthritis and autoimmune disease. Therefore, rubber seeds oil has very high potential to be developed into difference products in difference industries such as pharmaceutical, cosmetics, oleochemical and foods.

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Extraction of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Seed Oil Using Soxhlet Method

Extraction of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Seed Oil Using Soxhlet Method
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Abstract

 

Soxhlet extraction which is also known as solvent extraction refers to the preferential dissolution of oil by contacting oilseeds with a liquid solvent. This is the most efficient method to recover oil from oilseeds, thus solvent extraction using hexane has been commercialized as a standard practice in today’s industry. In this study, soxhlet extraction had been used to extract the rubber seed oil which contains high percentage of alpha-linolenic acid. In addition, the different solvents will be used for the extraction of rubber seed oil such as petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethanol and water to study the best solvent to extract the rubber seed oil so the maximum oil yield can be obtained. On the other hands, the natural resource, rubber belongs to the family of Euphorbiaceae, the genus is Hevea while the species of rubber is brasiliensis. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seeds are abundant and wasted because they had not been used in any industry or applications in daily life. The oil of rubber seeds had been found that contained a significant percentage of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Alpha-linolenic acid is one of the important elements of omega-3 fatty acids which play important roles in human metabolism, not only playing structural roles in phospholipid bilayers but also acting as precursors to bioactive molecules. Moreover, rubber seed oil also contains a high percentage of oleic acid and linoleic acid, these all are valuable compounds. Thus, rubber seed oil can be regarded as a plant derived oleic-linolenic acid. Rubber seeds can be considered as good sources for human food, animal feed and biofuel with its high content of fat, protein, amino acids and fatty acids. Therefore, it is important to study the method of extraction to extract the valuable components from rubber seeds, purify the extracted seed oil, so that the rubber seeds oil can be utilized into difference industries pharmaceutical, food, oleochemical and cosmetics.
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Evaluation of Biological Pretreatment of Rubberwood with White Rot Fungi for Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Evaluation of Biological Pretreatment of Rubberwood with White Rot Fungi for Enzymatic Hydrolysis | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
e effects of biological pretreatment on the rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), was evaluated after cultivation of white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor, and a mixed culture of C.
Biswapriya Biswavas Misra's insight:
Abstract: e effects of biological pretreatment on the rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), was evaluated after cultivation of white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor, and a mixed culture of C. subvermispora and T. versicolor. The analysis of chemical compositions indicated that C. subvermispora had greater selectivity for lignin degradation with the highest lignin and hemicellulose loss at 45.06% and 42.08%, respectively, and lowest cellulose loss (9.50%) after 90 days among the tested samples. X-ray analysis showed that pretreated samples had a higher crystallinity than untreated samples. The sample pretreated by C. subvermispora presented the highest crystallinity of all the samples which might be caused by the selective degradation of amorphous components. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased during the biological pretreatment process. A study on hydrolysis of rubberwood treated with C. subvermispora, T. versicolor, and mixed culture for 90 days resulted in an increased sugar yield of about 27.67%, 16.23%, and 14.20%, respectively, as compared with untreated rubberwood (2.88%). The results obtained demonstrate that rubberwood is a potential raw material for industrial applications and white rot fungus C. subevermispora provides an effective method for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of rubberwood.
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Quantitative Transcriptomics using Designed Primer-based Amplification

Quantitative Transcriptomics using Designed Primer-based Amplification | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
We developed a novel Designed Primer-based RNA-sequencing strategy (DP-seq) that uses a defined set of heptamer primers to amplify the majority of expressed transcripts from limiting amounts of mRNA, while preserving their relative abundance.
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We developed a novel Designed Primer-based RNA-sequencing strategy (DP-seq) that uses a defined set of heptamer primers to amplify the majority of expressed transcripts from limiting amounts of mRNA, while preserving their relative abundance. Our strategy reproducibly yielded high levels of amplification from as low as 50 picograms of mRNA while offering a dynamic range of over five orders of magnitude in RNA concentrations. We also demonstrated the potential of DP-seq to selectively suppress the amplification of the highly expressing ribosomal transcripts by more than 70% in our sequencing library. Using lineage segregation in embryonic stem cell cultures as a model of early mammalian embryogenesis, DP-seq revealed novel sets of low abundant transcripts, some corresponding to the identity of cellular progeny before they arise, reflecting the specification of cell fate prior to actual germ layer segregation.

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Life Cycle Assessment of Guayule Tire

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QTL Mapping of Growth-Related Traits in a Full-Sib Family of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Evaluated in a Sub-Tropical Climate

QTL Mapping of Growth-Related Traits in a Full-Sib Family of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Evaluated in a Sub-Tropical Climate | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
PLOS ONE: an inclusive, peer-reviewed, open-access resource from the PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE. Reports of well-performed scientific studies from all disciplines freely available to the whole world.
Biswapriya Biswavas Misra's insight:
Abstract

The rubber tree (Hevea spp.), cultivated in equatorial and tropical countries, is the primary plant used in natural rubber production. Due to genetic and physiological constraints, inbred lines of this species are not available. Therefore, alternative approaches are required for the characterization of this species, such as the genetic mapping of full-sib crosses derived from outbred parents. In the present study, an integrated genetic map was obtained for a full-sib cross family with simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and expressed sequence tag (EST-SSR) markers, which can display different segregation patterns. To study the genetic architecture of the traits related to growth in two different conditions (winter and summer), quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was also performed using the integrated map. Traits evaluated were height and girth growth, and the statistical model was based in an extension of composite interval mapping. The obtained molecular genetic map has 284 markers distributed among 23 linkage groups with a total length of 2688.8 cM. A total of 18 QTLs for growth traits during the summer and winter seasons were detected. A comparison between the different seasons was also conducted. For height, QTLs detected during the summer season were different from the ones detected during winter season. This type of difference was also observed for girth. Integrated maps are important for genetics studies in outbred species because they represent more accurately the polymorphisms observed in the genitors. QTL mapping revealed several interesting findings, such as a dominance effect and unique segregation patterns that each QTL could exhibit, which were independent of the flanking markers. The QTLs identified in this study, especially those related to phenotypic variation associated with winter could help studies of marker-assisted selection that are particularly important when the objective of a breeding program is to obtain phenotypes that are adapted to sub-optimal regions.

 

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ingentaconnect Determination of biotic aetiology of tapping panel dryness (TPD) ...

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Tapping panel dryness (TPD) syndrome affecting rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is known to reduce natural latex production. Its aetiology remains ambiguous despite long years of research. A low molecular weight RNA similar to viroid RNA was isolated from TPD-affected samples of rubber trees. In the present study, a modified return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure was standardised. The viroid-like low molecular weight (LMW) RNA was found associated with leaf, bark and root tissues and rubber seedlings. The technique was employed to detect LMW RNA in different clones of rubber planted in different locations and in bud-grafted plants. The LMW RNA isolated from TPD-affected trees was found infectious on seedlings of tomato cv Pusa Ruby. The LMW RNA was reisolated from symptomatic tomato leaves but not from control plants. This is for the first time that a biotic agent, a viroid RNA, is found consistently associated with the syndrome. The technology developed can be useful to demonstrate the onset of TPD in untapped trees in the absence of other methods such as nucleic acid hybridisation.

 

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Microbiological Research - Identifying pathogenicity genes in the rubber tree anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through random insertional mutagenesis

Microbiological Research - Identifying pathogenicity genes in the rubber tree anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through random insertional mutagenesis | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
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Abstract

To gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pathogenesis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) was used to identify mutants of C. gloeosporioides impaired in pathogenicity. An ATMT library of 4128 C. gloeosporioides transformants was generated. Transformants were screened for defects in pathogenicity with a detached copper brown leaf assay. 32 mutants showing reproducible pathogenicity defects were obtained. Southern blot analysis showed 60.4% of the transformants had single-site T-DNA integrations. 16 Genomic sequences flanking T-DNA were recovered from mutants by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, and were used to isolate the tagged genes from the genome sequence of wild-type C. gloeosporioides by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool searches against the local genome database of the wild-type C. gloeosporioides. One potential pathogenicity genes encoded calcium-translocating P-type ATPase. Six potential pathogenicity genes had no known homologs in filamentous fungi and were likely to be novel fungal virulence factors. Two putative genes encoded Glycosyltransferase family 28 domain-containing protein and Mov34/MPN/PAD-1 family protein, respectively. Five potential pathogenicity genes had putative function matched with putative protein of other Colletotrichum species. Two known C. gloeosporioides pathogenicity genes were also identified, the encoding Glomerella cingulata hard-surface induced protein and C. gloeosporioides regulatory subunit of protein kinase A gene involved in cAMP-dependent PKA signal transduction pathway.

 
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1. (WO2013036100) A METHOD FOR REGULATING PLASTIDIAL ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN HEVEA BRASILIENSI

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The present invention relates to an isolated polypeptide for catalyzing plastidial biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate, dimethylallyl diphosphate or the combination thereof in the plant of Hevea brasiliensis, comprising amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 2, SEQ ID NO. 4, SEQ ID NO. 6, SEQ ID NO. 8, SEQ ID NO. 10 or SEQ ID NO. 12; and a method for catalyzing the biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate, dimethylallyl diphosphate or the combination thereof for enhancing the biosynthesis of natural rubber from its precursors. The present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide, a recombinant gene construct comprising the polynucleotide, a transformant and a transgenic plant comprising the recombinant gene construct.

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Natural rubber producing plants: An overview

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Composites Part B: Engineering - Molecular characterizations, mechanical properties and anti-algal activities for PVC and wood/PVC composites containing urea- and triazine-based algaecides.

Composites Part B: Engineering - Molecular characterizations, mechanical properties and anti-algal activities for PVC and wood/PVC composites containing urea- and triazine-based algaecides. | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
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Abstract

Material behaviors and anti-algal performances of PVC and wood PVC composites (WPVC) were examined after adding commercial algaecides of different types and contents. Three different wood types commonly found in tropical climates – namely, Xylia kerrii Craib & Hutch.; Hevea brasiliensis Muell.; and Mangifera indica Linn. – were of interest. Isoproturon (3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), a urea-based algaecide, and Terbutryn (N2-tert-butyl-N4-ethyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), a triazine-based algaecide, were used as anti-algal agents in this study; concentrations in the specimens varied from 0–1,500 ppm. Surface color, thermal properties, chemical structure and mechanical properties of the materials were also monitored. The results revealed that addition of Isoproturon tended to considerably change the surface color of the materials, particularly for PVC which had the highest ΔE∗ value, whereas addition of Terbutryn did not. The effect of wood types was found to influence the initial surface color of the materials. Evidence based on DSC, FT-IR and contact angle testing indicated that Isoproturon had a strong molecular interaction with PVC and could induce PVC degradation. The mechanical properties of PVC and WPVC were affected by the addition of wood, but not by algaecide addition. The results of the growth inhibition zone and chlorophyll-a content in Chlorella vulgaris TISTR 8580 suggested that Terbutryn exhibited better anti-algal performance than Isoproturon with a recommended dosage of 1,000 ppm while Isoproturon at 1,500 ppm could act as an effective coupling agent in WPVC composites.

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Distribuição e crescimento de Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. e Hevea spruceana (Benth.) Müll. Arg. em uma floresta inundável em Manaus, Amazonas

Distribuição e crescimento de Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. e Hevea spruceana (Benth.) Müll. Arg. em uma floresta inundável em Manaus, Amazonas
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Resumo

 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988456

Este estudo descreve a distribuição e determina a taxa anual de crescimento e a idade das árvores de Garcinia brasiliensis e de Hevea spruceana em uma floresta inundável na região de Manaus. Oito parcelas contíguas de 25 x 25 metros foram instaladas, onde todos os indivíduos das duas espécies com altura ≥ 1,0 m foram mapeados. O diâmetro, a altura das árvores e os níveis de inundação foram registrados para todos os indivíduos. A radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) foi medida em indivíduos da regeneração (≤ 10 cm diâmetro a altura do peito –dap). Foram calculadas a área basal e o volume para cada indivíduo, e determinados o padrão de crescimento e a idade das árvores utilizando métodos dendrocronológicos. Um total de 105 indivíduos foi amostrado, a maioria na classe de regeneração. Hevea spruceana apresentou o maior número de indivíduos (n=80), as maiores taxas de crescimento em dap e em altura. Garcinia brasiliensis (n=25) apresentou idade, dap e altura maiores do que Hevea spruceana. Ambas as espécies foram sujeitas a diferentes níveis de inundação e de radiação. A estrutura populacional e a distribuição dos indivíduos dessas espécies mostram ser, aparentemente, influenciadas pelas variações na topografia local em pequena escala. Os diferentes requerimentos por radiação destas espécies sugerem ocupação de diferentes nichos ecológicos.

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Fatty acid composition and biological activities of seed oil from rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivar RRIM 600

Fatty acid composition and biological activities of seed oil from rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivar RRIM 600
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Abstract

Summary. The oils from seeds of Hevea brasiliensis (Muëll. Arg.) cultivar RRIM 600 cultivated in Thailand (from two different sources, Chiang Rai and Surin provinces), were subjected to the evaluation of fatty acid composition, antioxidant activities, antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity. The seed oils were extracted using n-hexane as a solvent and the major fatty acids were oleic and linoleic acids. The seed oils from two different sources similarly exhibited high capability in inhibiting scavenging DPPH radicals (95%, 87% inhibition, from Chiang Rai and Surin provinces respectively), reducing power (1.588±0.016, 1.832±0.009 mg of AAE/mL). However, moderate lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of these two seed oils were observed (24%, 28% inhibition). The cytotoxicity effect of oil was determined on human dermal fibroblast. It showed that the H. brasiliensis seed oil was not cytotoxic to human skin at >1000 μg/mL. Based on these results, it was suggested that the H. brasiliensis seed oil may be considered as a potential antioxidant candidate for topical cosmetic applications.

Industrial relevance. Natural origin raw materials have gained increasing attention for cosmetics because of their effectiveness and safety as compared to the synthetics. H. brasiliensis seed oil from this research has shown itself as a highly promising natural raw material source for cosmetic industry. It composed of skin health benefit fatty acids and has been found to exhibit high capability in inhibiting scavenging DPPH radicals. Moreover, from the cytotoxicity result, it indicated that the H. brasiliensis seed oil can safely be applied to human skin.  

Keywords. Hevea brasiliensis; seed oil; fatty acids; biological activities

Keywords

 

Hevea brasiliensis; seed oil; fatty acids; biological activities
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Evaluation of Biological Pretreatment of Rubberwood with White Rot Fungi for Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Evaluation of Biological Pretreatment of Rubberwood with White Rot Fungi for Enzymatic Hydrolysis | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
e effects of biological pretreatment on the rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), was evaluated after cultivation of white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor, and a mixed culture of C.
Biswapriya Biswavas Misra's insight:
Abstract: e effects of biological pretreatment on the rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), was evaluated after cultivation of white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor, and a mixed culture of C. subvermispora and T. versicolor. The analysis of chemical compositions indicated that C. subvermispora had greater selectivity for lignin degradation with the highest lignin and hemicellulose loss at 45.06% and 42.08%, respectively, and lowest cellulose loss (9.50%) after 90 days among the tested samples. X-ray analysis showed that pretreated samples had a higher crystallinity than untreated samples. The sample pretreated by C. subvermispora presented the highest crystallinity of all the samples which might be caused by the selective degradation of amorphous components. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased during the biological pretreatment process. A study on hydrolysis of rubberwood treated with C. subvermispora, T. versicolor, and mixed culture for 90 days resulted in an increased sugar yield of about 27.67%, 16.23%, and 14.20%, respectively, as compared with untreated rubberwood (2.88%). The results obtained demonstrate that rubberwood is a potential raw material for industrial applications and white rot fungus C. subevermispora provides an effective method for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of rubberwood.
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Study on Production Process of Biodiesel from Rubber Seed (Hevea Brasiliensis) by in Situ (Trans)Esterification Method with Acid Catalyst

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Abstract

Biodiesel is fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters made from vegetable oils (edible and non edible) or animal fats. The objective of this research was to produce biodiesel from rubber seed by in situ method with acid catalyst with a goal for obtaining environmentally friendly alternative fuels from non edible raw material. This research focuses on influence of reaction time, concentration of acid catalyst and ratio raw material to methanol. The first stage was carried out in order to get reaction time based on the density and viscosity of mixture produced. In this process H2SO4 0.5% (v/v) was used as catalyst and ratio of raw material to methanol (1:2). The experiments were conducted by investigating the catalyst concentration in range 0.1-1%(v/v) and ratio of raw material to methanol in range 1:1.5-1:3. The research method included, the preparation of samples, biodiesel production, biodiesel separation, and biodiesel characterization i.e density, viscosity, GC analysis, acid value and Iodine number. The results shows that the operation time for biodiesel production by in situ method with acid catalyst was 120 minutes and the yield of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) obtained was at 91,05%.

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Abscisic Acid-Dependent Regulation of Small Rubber Particle Protein Gene Expression in Taraxacum brevicorniculatum is Mediated by TbbZIP1

Abscisic Acid-Dependent Regulation of Small Rubber Particle Protein Gene Expression in Taraxacum brevicorniculatum is Mediated by TbbZIP1 | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
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Abstract

Natural rubber is a high-molecular-mass biopolymer found in the latex of >2,500 plant species, including Hevea brasiliensis, Parthenium argentatum and Taraxacum spp. The active sites of rubber biosynthesis are rubber particles, which comprise a hydrophobic rubber core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer membrane containing species-dependent lipids and associated proteins. Small rubber particle proteins are the most abundant rubber particle-associated proteins in Taraxacum brevicorniculatum (TbSRPPs) and may promote rubber biosynthesis by stabilizing the rubber particle architecture. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding SRPPs and identified a bZIP transcription factor (TbbZIP.1) similar to the Arabidopsis thaliana ABI5–ABF–AREB subfamily, which is thought to include downstream targets of ABA and/or abiotic stress-inducible protein kinases. The TbbZIP.1 gene was predominantly expressed in laticifers and regulates the expression of TbSRPP genes in an ABA-dependent manner. The individual TbSRPP genes showed distinct induction profiles, suggesting diverse roles in rubber biosynthesis and stress adaptation. The potential involvement of TbSRPPs in the adaptation of T. brevicorniculatum plants to environmental stress is discussed based on our current knowledge of the stress-response roles of SRPPs and their homologs, and the protective function of latex and rubber against pathogens. Our data suggest that TbSRPPs contribute to stress tolerance in T. brevicorniculatum and that their effects are mediated by TbbZIP.1.

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Influence of plant growth r gulators on somati embryogenesis induction from inner teguments o rubber

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HIGH LATEX YIELDING AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF RUBBER CLONES IRR 200 SERIES

HIGH LATEX YIELDING AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF RUBBER CLONES IRR 200 SERIES
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Abstract

 

Rubber clones of Indonesian Rubber Research (IRR) 200 series have been produced from intensive breeding program started in 1985. Some clones showed superior characteristics such as high latex yielding, vigorous, and disease resistant. This study aimed to test their performances in a field trial conducted since 1999 at Sungei Putih Experimental Garden, North Sumatra. The experiment was designed in a randomized block, using twelve IRR clones as treatment and PB 260 clone as control, three replications. Planting distance was 5 m x 4 m and plot size was 10 rows x 50 trees. Observations were made on girth size of the 2, 3 and 4 year-old trees, dry rubber yield following the 1/2S d/2 and 1/2S d/3.ET2.5% tapping systems, bark thickness, rings number and diameter of latex vessels, as well as leaf fall diseases intensities of 3-5 year-old trees. The results showed four IRR 200 clones, i.e. IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211 and IRR 220 produced high latex. Using the 1/2S d/2 tapping system, three clones with highest dry rubber yield were obtained, namely IRR 208 (49.8 g tree-1 tapping-1 or g t-1 t-1), IRR 211 (48.8 g t-1 t-1) and IRR 220 (52.0 g t-1 t-1), whereas that using the 1/2S d/3. ET2.5% tapping system, their yields were 63.2 g, 64.3 g, and 66.2 g t-1 t-1, respectively. At four year-old, these clones had girth size of 41.4-51.0 cm, girth increment 9.7-11.6 cm year-1, bark thickness 6.3-7.2 mm, latex vessel rings number 6.8-7.0, and diameter of latex vessels 23.75-26.57 mm. All of the clones were moderately resistant to Colletotrichum, Oidium and Corynespora leaf fall diseases. This study suggests that IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211 and IRR 220 rubber clones are suitable for commercial stake holders and the recommended tapping system is 1/2S d/3.ET2.5%.

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GAP068.pdf

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A newly identified locus controls complete resistance to Microcyclus ulei in the Fx2784 rubber clone

A newly identified locus controls complete resistance to Microcyclus ulei in the Fx2784 rubber clone | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
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Abstract

Using cultivars which are genetically resistant to South American leaf blight (SALB) caused by the fungus Microcyclus ulei is the only way to plant rubber trees in disease-affected areas. Numerous field observations led to the hypothesis that the resistance of the cultivar Fx2784 to SALB is likely to be monogenic. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis by examining the distribution of the trait in a cross between the resistant cultivar and a susceptible one. The individuals resulting from this cross were planted in field trials in French Guiana and Brazil. The resistance of all the trees was assessed by field observations. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) using microsatellite markers was performed in French Guiana to determine which markers were genetically linked to resistance, and the results were validated by field observations in Brazil. In both locations, a 1:1 segregation of the resistance trait was observed, thus reinforcing the monogenic hypothesis. BSA showed tight linkage between resistance and the microsatellite markers located in linkage group 2 in the Hevea genome and enabled to pinpoint the resistance locus. The location was confirmed by observations on the trees planted in Brazil. This result should facilitate the use of Fx2784 resistance in future breeding programs for SALB resistance. This is the third major locus conferring resistance to SALB identified in rubber tree (Hevea spp.). These three loci are genetically independent, a favorable situation for genetic improvement of SALB resistance.

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1. (WO2013039378) A METHOD FOR REGULATING CYTOSOLIC ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN HEVEA BRASILIENSI

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The present invention discloses an isolated polynucleotide encoding an enzyme for catalyzing cytosolic biosynthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate, dimefhylallyl diphosphate or the combination thereof in the plant of Hevea brasiliensis, comprising nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 7, SEQ' ID NO. 9 or any complementary sequence thereof; and a method for enhancing cytoplasmic availability and functionality of the enzyme, comprising the steps of predicting catalytic domain, signal peptide or membrane-spanning domain of the enzyme; introducing a point mutation to the predicted catalytic domain, signal peptide or membrane-spanning transmembrane domain; and expressing the mutated catalytic domain, signal peptide or membrane-spanning transmembrane domain in a plant cell, tissue or organ of Hevea brasiliensis. The present invention also relates to an isolated polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide, a recombinant gene construct comprising the polynucleotide, a transformant and a transgenic plant comprising the recombinant gene construct, with enhanced production of cytosolic isoprenoid towards rubber production.

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1. (WO2013051925) A METHOD FOR REGULATING THE BIOSYNTHESIS, CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION OF PRENYL-PYROPHOSPHATES IN HEVEA BRASILIENSIS

Biswapriya Biswavas Misra's insight:

The present invention relates to an isolated polynucleotide encoding an enzyme for catalyzing biosynthesis, conversion or utilization of prenyl-pyrophosphate for rubber biosynthesis in the plant of Hevea brasiliensis, comprising nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ED NO. 1, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID NO. 5, SEQ ID NO. 7, SEQ ID NO. 9 or any complementary sequence thereof. The present invention also relates to an isolated polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide; a recombinant gene construct comprising the polynucleotide; a transformant; and a transgenic plant comprising the recombinant gene construct, with enhanced biosynthesis and accumulation of polyisoprenoids; as well as a method for enhancing biosynthesis and accumulation of polyisoprenoids comprising the steps of cloning the gene construct comprising the polynucleotide and expressing the gene construct in a host cell.

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repositorio: Assimilação de nitrogênio em plantas jovens de seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (willd. Ex. Adr. De juss.) Muell. Arg.] e caracterização de lipídeos durante o armazenamento de sementes

repositorio: Assimilação de nitrogênio em plantas jovens de seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (willd. Ex. Adr. De juss.) Muell. Arg.] e caracterização de lipídeos durante o armazenamento de sementes | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
Biswapriya Biswavas Misra's insight:

Abstract: The aim of this work was studying nitrogen compounds and enzyme assimilation activity pattern distribution under influence of different nitrogen sources as well as to analyze lipids alterations in seeds submitted to storage, from an experiment conducted in greenhouse. Ammonium and nitrate were supplied as nitrogen form in the concentration of 8mM and no nitrogen as a control. Plants were growth in plastic vases contained wash sand and nitrogen solution renewed in the seven days interval. From 0 to 27 days were evaluated total nitrogen concentration, amino acids, soluble protein, nitrate and ammonium from roots, enzyme assimilation activity nitrogen from stem and leaves. The treatments were obtained by the combination among three sources (nitrogen absence, ammonium and nitrate) and two times of exposition (from 0 to 27 days) as factorial 3X2 in randomized design with four repetitions and the average tested by Tukey test to 5%. The results permitted conclude that the plants growth in ammonium presence showed high nitrogen incorporation what meant high amino acids and protein accumulation. The nitrogen forms promoted different answers in relation to enzyme activity pattern from nitrogen metabolism. Therefore, the assimilation both nitrate and ammonium occur by GS/GOGAT; however, there is strong dependence between the GS activity and the cellular nitrate pool as well between GDH activity and the ammonium cellular pool. In relation to nitrogen assimilation at different parts of the plant it could conclude that the nitric nitrogen is in part assimilated by roots preferentially via GS/GOGAT, with little GDH participation and the other part is translocated to meristematic tissue of stem where is storage or assimilated; ammonium nitrogen is assimilated totally at the roots by GS/GOGAT with significant participation of GDH; the high enzyme activity in the leaves demonstrate its participation both primary assimilation as ammonium re-assimilation. GDH leaves was detected, despite in secondary, independent paper of the sources or time of exposition. RN activity in vitro was higher in the plants that had received nitrate, being detected in the roots and stems and not detected in leaves, even so all the indications points with respect to its participation in the metabolism, suggesting that a more sensible assays. The lipid modification in seeds storage from 0, 60 and 105 days to evaluate the chemistry oil composition by GC/MS by continuous extraction with ethyl ether in soxhlet aparatus. It can be observed by results that the rubber tree seeds oil to 0 day of storage has as constituents palmitic, steariac, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, being the latter more abundant. At 60 days is observed the oleic acid appearance and at 105 days the total disappearance of linolenic acid and oleic acid in this period is the most abundant compound. Thus, it can be conclude that during storage the number of unsaturated fatty acids is a reduced in function of lipid peroxidation.

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Weed control in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) plantations with napropamide alone and in mixtures with simazine.

The most effective control of a weed flora consisting mainly of Digitaria sanguinalis, Cassia tora, Ipomoea spp., Richardia brasiliensis and Sida spp. was obtained with 5 kg napropamide + 0.8 kg simazine/ha.
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Abstract

The most effective control of a weed flora consisting mainly of Digitaria sanguinalis, Cassia tora, Ipomoea spp., Richardia brasiliensis and Sida spp. was obtained with 5 kg napropamide + 0.8 kg simazine/ha. Control was long lasting and no injury to rubber trees was observed.

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In-depth proteome analysis of the rubber particle of Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree)

In-depth proteome analysis of the rubber particle of Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree) | Hevea brasiliensis | Scoop.it
Biswapriya Biswavas Misra's insight:

The rubber particle is a special organelle in which natural rubber is synthesised and stored in the laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. To better understand the biological functions of rubber particles and to identify the candidate rubber biosynthesis-related proteins, a comprehensive proteome analysis was performed on H. brasiliensis rubber particles using shotgun tandem mass spectrometry profiling approaches—resulting in a thorough report on the rubber particle proteins. A total of 186 rubber particle proteins were identified, with a range in relative molecular mass of 3.9–194.2 kDa and in isoelectric point values of 4.0–11.2. The rubber particle proteins were analysed for gene ontology and could be categorised into eight major groups according to their functions: including rubber biosynthesis, stress- or defence-related responses, protein processing and folding, signal transduction and cellular transport. In addition to well-known rubber biosynthesis-related proteins such as rubber elongation factor (REF), small rubber particle protein (SRPP) and cis-prenyl transferase (CPT), many proteins were firstly identified to be on the rubber particles, including cyclophilin, phospholipase D, cytochrome P450, small GTP-binding protein, clathrin, eukaryotic translation initiation factor, annexin, ABC transporter, translationally controlled tumour protein, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and several homologues of REF, SRPP and CPT. A procedure of multiple reaction monitoring was established for further protein validation. This comprehensive proteome data of rubber particles would facilitate investigation into molecular mechanisms of biogenesis, self-homeostasis and rubber biosynthesis of the rubber particle, and might serve as valuable biomarkers in molecular breeding studies of H. brasiliensis and other alternative rubber-producing species.

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