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82
revue de presse sur l'actualité culturelle, archéologique, politique et sociale de l'Égypte
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Egypte actus
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Scooped by Egypte actus onto Égypte-actualités |
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"Lexique du Moyen Égyptien avec une introduction grammaticale et une liste des mots présentés selon le classificateur sémantique", par Jean Winand et Alessandro Stella
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While Egypt's uprising may not have given rural women a louder voice in the political arena, gradual change may be occurring at the grassroots. In the ongoing political turmoil in Egypt, the question of what change the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak will bring about and to whom is still to be resolved. For women, however, post-revolution Egypt seems to have been marked by marginalisation in the political arena. This is particularly true for rural women who are typically one of the groups furthest from power. But while rural women may not have yet been given much opportunity to voice their concerns at the highest levels of political power, slower and longer-term change may be in progress at the grassroots. Rising education levels Although the rural districts of Egypt are often characterised as being traditional and patriarchal, Egypt's rural women are moving forwards.
"The majority of men and women want what is best for their families", Lindsey Jones, global gender adviser for ACDI/VOCA, an organisation which has worked with Egyptian women since 1982, tells Think Africa Press. "Once they recognise that greater social, political and economic participation of women will lead to better results for their families and societies, they are generally supportive of that participation".
She goes on to explain that there are now "greater opportunities for younger generations of women, largely because they have greater access to education than their mothers' generation". These generational differences are often fairly dramatic. One male farmer in Qena, for example, noted that "when it comes to farming, my wife and I are on different islands. My daughter on the other hand - I can ask her for advice." Greater education also sets paves the way for greater economic opportunities for women, and this is often recognised and encouraged by parents of girls. "Men and women consistently spoke about how they wanted their girls to be educated and use their education to find a respectable job", Jones explains.
Fortunately, the labour market for women appears to be growing such as through the development of post harvest centres in Upper Egypt, though research by ADCI/VOCA already suggests that "women in Egypt make up more than 40% of the agricultural labour force.
Egypte actus's insight:
Participation in decision-making Rural women are also beginning to participate more actively in local organisations and politics. UN Women is creating women's committees within farmer associations, which has helped to raise women's voices within their communities. These committees have democratic structures and have benefited from the post-revolution excitement around democracy. (...) Ownership of land Another crucial dimension of rural women's opportunities is the ownership of land which often remains tied up in tradition. As El-Mankabady notes, "a woman is not like a man in Upper Egypt; the distinction is strong. We are not advocating for equality, because they are not equal. We are advocating for equal opportunities." (...)
Rural women in Egypt's future While the revolution appears to have had immediate effect in generating enthusiasm for democracy, it does not seem to have triggered the same kind of immediate broader change in rural areas. However, equality and freedom for rural women is being negotiated through careful development strategies in the long-term. According to Jones, "the two key factors that I've seen contribute to creating change in the rural areas are education and income-generating opportunities for women." (...)
Indeed, revolution is not the only way to create change. Improved education, training programmes and initiatives to encourage participation may not be dramatic, but they are proof that whatever the political attempts to exclude women, rural women are gaining more opportunities slowly and surely.
The results of that change are that rural women are steadily accruing knowledge, greater incomes and a voice. And with food security a global issue, the people at the heart of food production and distribution could become increasingly important players in Egypt's development Delete the scoop?
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Présentation du volume
À côté des dictionnaires généraux qui embrassent plusieurs états de la langue égyptienne, comme le classique Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache d’Erman et Grapow ou le Großes Handwörterbuch de Hannig, on déplore l’absence d’outils modernes dont le premier public sont les étudiants qui commencent l’étude de la langue égyptienne.
Le volume qui est présenté ici est un lexique moyen égyptien – français. Son but avoué est d’abord de rendre service aux étudiants qui entament un premier cycle d’étude en moyen égyptien. Ce n’est donc pas un dictionnaire scientifique de référence. Son ambition est limitée : d’abord par le nombre de mots retenus (env. 2500), ensuite par le nombre restreint de renseignements qu’il contient. Le lecteur trouvera pour chaque mot une graphie, jugée la plus représentative, la transcription, l’appartenance à une classe de mots, et une traduction standard. On retiendra toutefois deux innovations majeures : d’abord, le regroupement des mots en fonction de la racine ; ensuite, une liste des mots classés en fonction du classificateur sémantique.
Le corpus considéré est, en gros, l’égyptien classique (textes littéraires et textes d’affichage) et le moyen égyptien (textes de la pratique). L’ère chronologique couverte va de la Première Période Intermédiaire jusqu’à la xviiie dyn.
En préambule, le lecteur trouvera une présentation générale, volontairement réduite, de l’écriture hiéroglyphique, de l’histoire de la langue égyptienne, de la formation des mots, et un aperçu synthétique de la grammaire de l’égyptien classique.
Notice des auteurs
Jean WINAND est professeur ordinaire à l’Université de Liège et Doyen de la Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres. Ses domaines de recherche sont la langue et la philologie de l’Égypte ancienne. Il a publié, entre autres, Études de néo-égyptien. La morphologie verbale (1992), Grammaire raisonnée de l’Égyptien classique(1999, avec Michel Malaise), Temps et Aspect en égyptien. Pour une approche sémantique (2006).
Alessandro STELLA est doctorant à l’Université de Liège, où il étudie les verbes de perception visuelle en égyptien ancien selon une perspective diachronique. Ses domaines de recherche sont la lexicologie, la lexicographie, la sémantique lexicale et la philologie.
Presses universitaires de Liège, 2013, 250 pages