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revue de presse sur l'actualité culturelle, archéologique, politique et sociale de l'Égypte
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La décision de l’Ethiopie de ratifier la convention d’Entebbe sur le partage des eaux du Nil relance le débat en Egypte sur le problème de l’eau. L’Egypte, qui risque de voir sa part dans les eaux du Nil diminuer, propose une gestion séparée des eaux des deux Nils. La part de l’Egypte dans les eaux du Nil peut-elle baisser ? La volonté de l’Ethiopie de ratifier la convention d’Entebbe sur le partage des eaux du Nil a ravivé les craintes de l’Egypte qui risque de voir sa part des eaux du Nil diminuer. La convention d’Entebbe a été signée en 2010 par six pays africains, à savoir l’Ethiopie, l’Ouganda, la Tanzanie, le Kenya, le Rwanda et le Burundi. Ces pays réclament l’annulation de l’ancienne convention de partage des eaux du Nil datant des années. En vertu de celle-ci, l’Egypte obtient 55 milliards de m3 d’eau par an. Un quota contesté par les pays africains. Or, l’Egypte souhaite maintenir son quota mettant en avant le problème de son poids démographique. Outre l’Ethiopie, le Soudan du Sud a annoncé cette semaine qu’il n’était pas tenu de respecter les conventions sur le partage des eaux signées avant son indépendance.
Rasha Hanafy / Ahram Hebdo Plus : http://hebdo.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/969/37/2269/Eau%C2%A0-Les-craintes-de-l%E2%80%99Egypte.aspx Delete the scoop?
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Le partage des eaux hérité du colonialisme empoisonne les relations entre l'Egypte et les autres pays.
L'Egypte pliera-t-elle ? Sa suprématie sur les eaux du Nil est très contestée par les « pays aval ». Sur un débit estimé à 85 milliards de mètres cubes, 55,6 milliards lui sont dus et 18,5 milliards vont au Soudan. Les huit autres nations nilotiques ont les miettes et ce, en vertu d'un traité passé en 1959 entre les deux pays dans le cadre des travaux du barrage d'Assouan. Un accord inspiré du système de partage des eaux inventé sous la Couronne britannique quand sa sphère d'influence s'étendait sur l'Afrique de l'Est. L'Atbara, dernier grand affluent du Nil avant la Méditerranée, ne pouvait abriter aucun barrage. Souvent, le pays des pharaons laisse entendre qu'il pourrait envoyer l'armée pour défendre cet « acquis » du colonialisme. Ce fut le cas au XVIII e siècle avec l'Ethiopie. Grands ouvrages en projet« Dans cette région, l'Egypte et le Soudan sont longtemps restés les seuls Etats structurés et capables de développer des projets d'envergure sur le Nil. Ce n'est plus vrai. Les autres pays se développent », explique Lionel Goujon, de l'Agence française de développement (AFD).
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Prime Minister Hesham Qandil will visit South Sudan on Thursday to discuss bilateral relations and economic cooperation. Qandil will also discuss Nile water issues and joint electricity, water and transportation projects. During his visit, Qandil is expected to sign several agreements to bolster cooperation between the two countries. Moayad Fathallah, a diplomat at the Foreign Ministry, told the Shura Council on Monday that Qandil will sign a protocol to set up two Egyptian clinics to serve the people of South Sudan as well as cooperation agreements in agriculture and animal and fish resources. Fathallah emphasized the strategic nature of ties with Sudan and South Sudan, adding that he is aware that the citizens of South Sudan have a feeling that Egypt favors relations with Sudan. Meanwhile, Essam al-Erian, the head of the parliamentary bloc for the Freedom and Justice Party, said, "I hope the president will visit Somalia and Kenya since Egypt's influence in the African Horn has diminished." Edited translation from MENA and Al-Masry Al-Youm (Egypt infependent) Delete the scoop?
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A senior Saudi Arabian official unleashed a barrage of attack against Ethiopia saying that the Horn of Africa nation is posing a threat to the Nile water rights of Egypt and Sudan.
"The [Grand] Renaissance dam has its capacity of flood waters reaching more than 70 billion cubic meters of water, and is located at an altitude of 700 meters and if it collapsed then Khartoum will drown completely and the impact will even reach the Aswan Dam," the Saudi deputy defense minister Khalid Bin Sultan said at the meetings of the Arab Water Council in Cairo.
"Egypt is the most affected party from the Ethiopian Renaissance dam because they have no alternative water source compared to other Nile Basin countries and the establishment of the dam 12 kilometers from the Sudanese border is for political plotting rather than for economic gain and constitutes a threat to Egyptian and Sudanese national security "the Saudi official said. (...)
Egypt fears that the Nile dam will reduce the flow of the river’s waters further downstream and Addis Ababa has long complained that Cairo was pressuring donor countries and international lenders to withhold funding.
An international panel of experts is set to announce its findings on the impact of Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam on the Nile’s flow in May 2013.
The Saudi deputy defense minister went further saying that Ethiopia is keen on harming Arab nations.
"There are fingers messing with water resources of Sudan and Egypt which are rooted in the mind and body of Ethiopia. They do not forsake an opportunity to harm Arabs without taking advantage of it" Prince Khalid said.(...). The Saudi official added that Nile basin countries calling for reallocating Nile water shares is a "real threat" to Egypt’s future.(....)
It is unusual for Saudi officials known for being composed to make such damning criticism of other countries. It is not clear whether today’s remarks indicates hidden tensions with Ethiopia.(...)
Egypte actus's insight:
The massive $4.8 billion dam is under construction and is scheduled for completion in 2015. It lies close to Sudan’s eastern borders and has a power generating capacity of 6,000MW and when completed it will enable Ethiopia to export more power to its neighbors.
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The Hayah International Academy hosted the “Walk for the Nile” initiative on Friday for the fourth time, in collaboration with the Irrigation and Water Resources Ministry. The campaign aims to raise funds to clean up Abul Menagga Canal, a 19-kilometer-long water stream in Daqahlia, to provide clean water to hundreds of thousands of people living in the area. The event hosted some NGOs and provided them with booths to expose their projects about girls’ education, orphan care, or any other developmental goal. The Nutty Scientists group also presented a show about the value of recycling to the school children. The day ended up with collecting 60,000 pounds which exceeded the original target of 32,000 pounds to clean-up an extra 13 kilometers stretch of the canal. The first walkathon at the school took place in April 2010. Participants organized a six-kilometer walk as part of the Live Earth Run for Water event, organized by former US Vice President Al Gore to increase awareness about the importance of water and its challenges. (Egypt independent) Delete the scoop?
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Egypte actus's insight:
International Conference, 21-23 February 2013
That the Nile was of crucial importance to Egypt, a country surrounded by desert, is obvious to all, and was realized already in Antiquity. Nevertheless, the river as an environmental and cultural factor has been less intensively studied by archaeologists and Egyptologists than might be expected. Often, for instance, texts and scenes about Nile deities or religious customs related to the river are explained by referring to notions like 'ideal floodheights', which are never defined. These studies usually fail to consider what is known about the river as a natural phenomenon. Other scholars did take into account scientific evidence, but usually they based themselves upon a small amount of studies produced around the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century by British civil engineers. Although these latter offer remarkably detailed accounts of the hydrology of the floodplain and of the then current land use, their perception that agricultural practice in nineteenth century Egypt was very primitive, suggested to them that they were witnessing modes of subsistence that had been in use since the pharaonic age. Egyptology has been slow in developing its own more informed interpretation of the evidence. In this regard, Karl Butzer's publications mark a watershed. Outdated though many conclusions in his Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt (1976) may now be, its lasting importance lies in showing that an integration of Egyptological evidence and data produced by the natural sciences works, and in for the first time pointing out the kinds of questions that can be approached in this way. The areas intensively dealt with by Butzer were (settlement) archaeology, economic history, technology, and demography. However, one might also add religion, as the cycle of the Nile had such a great impact on all aspects of life that it also co-determined for instance the religious calendar and the phasing of rituals. More recently, Stephan Seidlmayer's book on historical and modern flood levels (2001) has created a new basis for understanding some of the effects of the Nile. It shows that we are facing a natural phenomenon, the study of which is fundamentally the domain of the natural sciences, but also that available evidence includes ancient and culturally biased material of a kind that lies far beyond the competence of most natural scientists. The problem in addressing the dispersed and incongruous sources of information is that an intensive interaction between numerous disciplines with little tradition of collaboration is needed. Nowadays, significant progress is being achieved particularly in integrating earth sciences and Egyptian archaeology. One aim of the symposium is to enable natural scientists to compare the methods they deploy and the kinds of results they attain at the various sites. Another aim will be to compare the results of regional interpretations from different parts of the country to address broader issues (like the size of the floodplain, the validity of hypotheses about the drift of the Nile bed, or the potential for economic and demographic analysis). A further aim is to assess ancient indigenous evidence testifying to how the Egyptians reacted to the environmental conditions imposed by the nilotic environment. For this, archaeological indications could be the spatial distribution of sites in relation to landscape features with an impact on the local hydrology (e.g. settlement spread); the system of irrigation, or the date when certain changes in land form, land cover, or land use occurred. The importance of spatial data for modeling the modern and ancient landscape with the help of remote sensing and near surface geophysics will also be discussed. But ancient Egyptian written and iconographic reflections on the landscape can be equally important. Specialists in these areas have been less prone to look at scientific evidence, and their work is often less accessible to the natural scientists. The evidence to be discussed will not be restricted to typically Egyptological classes of data, but also to ancient records from outside Egypt, and medieval Arabic sources on the fluvial regime.
More : http://www.historische.kulturwissenschaft.uni-mainz.de/793.php Delete the scoop?
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In the coming years, Egypt and Ethiopia may be forced to fight a “water war” because Ethiopia’s ambitions contradict Egypt’s historical and legal rights in the Nile waters. Ethiopia can only be deterred by the regional and international balance of powers, which in recent years has favored Ethiopia. In the coming years, Egypt and Ethiopia may be forced to fight a “water war” because Ethiopia’s ambitions contradict Egypt’s historical and legal rights in river waters. Ethiopia can only be deterred by the regional and international balance of powers, which in recent years has favored Ethiopia. Delete the scoop?
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"Du Nil à Alexandrie. Histoires d'eau" au Musée royal de Marlemont, du 20 avril au 29 septembre 2013
Avec la fondation d’Alexandrie en 331, Alexandre le Grand ouvre la terre des pharaons sur le monde grec. La ville, qui abrita le Museion, la Bibliothèque et le célèbre Phare, va devenir pour plusieurs siècles la métropole économique et culturelle la plus importante de la Méditerranée. Mais depuis sa création, elle est confrontée à un enjeu crucial : l’approvisionnement en eau douce... Pour en savoir plus... Autour de l'exposition:Vernissage spécial pour les enfants: le samedi 20 avril de 16h30 à 20h30Visite guidée des expositions temporaires le premier dimanche du mois: 5 mai et 2 juin à 10h30Animation contée et visite guidée pour les familles le premier dimanche du mois: 5 mai et 2 juin à 14h30Visite et atelier pour les familles: mercredi 15 mai à 14hConférences: dimanches 21 avril et 26 maiPlus d'informations : http://www.musee-mariemont.be/index.php?id=11239 Delete the scoop?
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Environmental experts have predicted that 30% of the Nile Delta will be submerged under water by 2030 because of the rise in land temperatures due to climate change. They added that this may threaten agriculture in Egypt.
Climate change and the rise of Mediterranean Sea water levels due to global warming are major challenges facing Egypt in the coming era, said the experts. “The increase of salts in underground water is a crisis and real challenge,” said El-Koraiey. “Moreover, it also threatens agricultural land”. Former Minister of Irrigation and Water Resources Mahmoud Abo Zied said that 14% of Egypt’s water is currently allocated to the agricultural sector, while industry consumes 30%, with 56% used for other services.
More on: http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/03/05/almost-one-third-of-nile-delta-to-sink-by-2030-say-experts/ Delete the scoop?
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Climate change, a fast growing population, ill-designed infrastructure, high levels of pollution and lack of law enforcement have made Egypt a country thirsty for water — both in terms of quantity and quality. The River Nile, which is considered poor by many experts and hydrologists, lies at lower altitude than the rest of the country. Massive electric pumps extract the water from the river’s bed and canals and direct it to industry, agriculture and for individual water use. A significant portion of the water contained in Lake Nasser’s 5,000 square kilometer basin is lost to evaporation, while old networks of leaking pipes also deprive the country of satisfactory access to its most important resource: water. In order to debate water scarcity in Egypt, its causes, and how climate change makes the issue more pressing than ever, as well as looking to solutions, a panel of experts were invited to participate in the 13th Cairo Climate Talk last week entitled “Growing Thirst: Sustainable Water Solutions for Egypt.” Tarek Kotb, the First Assistant Minister in the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, and a member of the panel discussion, talked about the dwindling water share per capita with a sense of urgency. “Every year, the Egyptian population grows by 1.8 million, while the annual quota of Nile water allocated to Egypt, 55 billion cubic meters, has remained unchanged since the 1959 Nile Water Agreement,” he says. While Egyptians in the 1960s could enjoy a water share per capita of 2800 cubic meters for all purposes, the current share has dropped to 660 cubic meters today—below the international standard defining water poverty of 1000 cubic meters. Kotb estimates that Egypt is gradually going to leave the stage of water scarcity and enter a phase of drastic water stress in the next 40 years, if no sustainable water management is put in place. “By 2050, there will be about 160 million Egyptians and only 370 cubic meters of water per capita,” he says. While Egypt has other options for its water needs, such as tapping into groundwater basins and desalinating sea-water, the bulk of water is still extracted from the Nile, leading to longstanding tensions with the other Nile basin countries. (Louise Sarant/Egypt independent)
More : http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/climate-change-and-water-mismanagement-parch-egypt Delete the scoop?
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Pour mettre un terme au gaspillage des eaux du Nil, un projet propose leur récupération par des canalisations tout au long de la Vallée. Mais certains spécialistes estiment que le traitement des eaux usées est prioritaire.
C'est la troisième révolution dans le domaine de l’irrigation, selon les concepteurs du Haut fleuve du Nil. Les objectifs de ce projet consistent à exploiter les régions montagneuses pour acheminer les eaux du Haut-Barrage d’Assouan directement vers les terres agricoles par le biais de conduits. Et ce, dans l’objectif de récupérer les eaux gaspillées à cause de la vétusté du système d’irrigation et de drainage actuel. Ces eaux seront utilisées dans la culture de nouvelles superficies. Delete the scoop?
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The Nile Project, which launched its activities in January, is to present two concerts in Aswan and Cairo at the end of January to showcase the works and fusions of the two-week residency of musicians from all over the Nile Basin. The concert in Aswan will take place on Sunday, 27 January in the Cultural Centre, while the Cairo concert will take place on Thursday, 31 January in Mahmoud Mokhtar Cultural Centre. The two-week residency is currently held in Fekra Cultural Centre in Aswan by the banks of the Nile gathers musicians to create a new body of songs drawn from the diverse generes, traditions, beats and instruments one can find in the region. The residency, under the musical direction of Miles Jay, renouned world musician, is a space for musicians to learn about one another as well as record new music to be performed around the Nile region and for the world.(...)
Egypte actus's insight:
“The Nile Project has been in the making for nearly two years and we are thrilled to be bringing such an exciting line up of stories, songs and musicians to audiences in Egypt. We hope these concerts showcase the fresh encounters among our musicians,” said Mina Girgis, founder and executive director of the project, in the press release. The Nile Project was founded in August 2011 by Egyptian ethnomusicologist Mina Girgis and Ethiopian-American singer Meklit Hadero to address the Nile Basin’s cultural and environmental challenges using an innovative approach that combines music, education, and an enterprise platform. The Project’s mission is to inspire, educate, and empower Nile citizens to work together towards fostering the sustainability of the river’s ecosystem, and engage them in a cultural dialogue that evokes Africa’s iconic river as a shared ecosystem Delete the scoop?
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Silent film of the Nile peoples in Egypt in the 30's, the longest river in the world, showing their lifestyle and living conditions on and around the Nile River and the Nile floods. Their agricultural livihood and beliefs with written description. Part 2 has the Pyramids and Sphinx. النيل From Sudan into Egypt. Delete the scoop?
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Adel Abdul Sattar, secrétaire général du Conseil suprême des antiquités, a déclaré que la police du Tourisme et des Antiquités continue d'assurer la sécurité du Musée égyptien, à l'intérieur comme à l'extérieur.
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Voici pourtant ce qu'écrit ce matin le journaliste Alexandre Buccianti, sur Twitter : "Qu'Horus garde le Musée égyptien. Les gardes ont disparu."