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revue de presse sur l'actualité culturelle, archéologique, politique et sociale de l'Égypte
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Statues of 5th dynasty top officials discovered in Abusir

Statues of 5th dynasty top officials discovered in Abusir | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it

During routine excavations in Abusir South, 30km north of Giza plateau, Czech excavators from the Czech Institute of Egyptology of the Charles University in Prague, unearthed a collection of fifth dynasty ancient Egyptian statues.

Miroslav Barta, the head of the Czech mission told Ahram Online that the statues were found in a hidden tunnel located inside a rock-hewn tomb of Iti, the crew inspector. His tomb is located between two rock-hewn tombs of two fifth dynasty high officials: the overseer of the crew scribe, Nefer, and the chief of justice of the Shepespuptah great house.

Although the exploration of the tunnel suggests that it was subjected to looting in antiquity, nine wooden and painted limestone statues were found inside.

"It seems that tomb raiders did not recognise the importance, nor the beauty of such statues, so they left them in situ but, regretfully, six were broken into two as a result of the robbers' activities, with three found intact," Barta told Ahram Online. Perhaps, he continued, they were searching for jewellery or the like.

These statues were found scattered in the tunnel, some standing in their original position, others laying on the floor. Two of the fragments were made of wood, while the rest of the statues were made of limestone and most of them still have polychromy. Only one statue is inscribed with the deceased's name, Iti.

Barta says the discovery is very important because it shows the traditions of ancient Egyptian burial practices, the society, environment, art and history of the fifth dynasty. Excavation is continuing for more evidence of that era in Egypt’s ancient history.

Abusir means The House of Osiris, the god of the dead and resurrection. Abusir became a royal burial place during the reign of King Userkaf, founder of the fifth dynasty, who built a remarkable and unique solar temple. Some of his successors built their own burial and solar temples there. The last solar temple was built by King Menkauhor at the end of the fifth dynasty.

A collection of mastaba tombs of higher courtiers are found there among them the one belongs to the royal hair dresser and vizier Ptahshepses. (Nevine El-Aref/Ahram Online)

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The Millionaire and the Mummies: Theodore Davis's Gilded Age in the Valley of the Kings

The Millionaire and the Mummies: Theodore Davis's Gilded Age in the Valley of the Kings | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it
Egypte actus's insight:

John Adams, director emeritus of the Orange County Public Library, former ARCE Board of Governors member, and founder and first president of the ARCE Orange County California Chapter, has written a fascinating new book on the life and times of Theodore M. Davis and his impact on the history of Egyptology.

Davis was, during the Gilded Age at the turn of the last century, an unscrupulous American "robber baron" whose wealth and tenacity eventually led him to Egypt where he found an unprecedented eighteen tombs in the Valley of the Kings. His good sense in hiring qualified excavators and relentless determination to systematically explore the valley set new standards for the nascent science of Egyptology. It is a spellbinding read and will be available from St. Martin's Press in June, 2013.

 

ARCE

http://www.arce.org/news/u103

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New analysis sheds light on ancient Egyptian mummification

New analysis sheds light on ancient Egyptian mummification | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it
A detailed study of 150 mummies embalmed over thousands of years in ancient Egypt indicated that what we think we know about ancient mummification practices might be wrong.

Contrary to reports by famous Greek historian Herodotus, the ancient Egyptians probably didn't remove mummy guts using cedar oil enemas, new research on the reality of mummification suggests.

The ancient embalmers also didn't always leave the mummy's heart in place, the researchers added.

The findings, published in the February issue of HOMO – Journal of Comparative Human Biology, come from analyzing 150 mummies from the ancient world. (...)

The findings show just how varied embalming techniques were in the ancient world, said David Hunt, a physical anthropologist at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

"A lot of people have taken the idea that it was all done the same way, but over the course of 3,000 years? Heck no," Hunt told LiveScience. "We know that folks in the Sudan didn't follow the exact same methodology as people that were in Alexandria."

 

The Christian Science Monitor

More : http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/0322/New-analysis-sheds-light-on-ancient-Egyptian-mummification?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+feeds%2Fcsm+%28Christian+Science+Monitor+%7C+All+Stories%29


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Athérosclérose : Horus en souffrait déjà!

Athérosclérose : Horus en souffrait déjà! | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it

Cette recherche permet-elle d’affirmer que l'athérosclérose n’est pas une maladie des temps modernes, liée à un mode de vie trop sédentaire et à un régime alimentaire trop riche ? Horus, du nom d’une des d'une des plus anciennes divinités égyptiennes, est le nom de cette étude qui sur 137 momies, anciennes de 4.000 ans, révèle une prévalence de 34% d’athérosclérose. Des conclusions publiées dans l’édition du 10 mars du Lancet qui évoquent soit un mode de vie « trop riche », ce qui est peu probable, soit une prédisposition dominante, plus basique à la maladie. 

L’athérosclérose est une maladie caractérisée par des artères obstruées par des dépôts de graisse (cholestérol), de calcium et de déchets cellulaires. Avec le temps, les artères perdent leur élasticité et rétrécissent et la circulation du sang est alors ralentie ou bloquée. Ses complications possibles sont nombreuses et sévères (angine, crise cardiaque, AVC…). Ici, l’athérosclérose a été constatée avec la présence d’une plaque calcifiée identifiée dans la paroi d’une artère et de calcifications tout le long de l’artère.

Ces chercheurs ont utilisé la tomodensitométrie pour analyser 137 momies en provenance de 4 régions géographiques et de différentes populations vieilles de plus de 4000 ans, de l'ancienne Egypte, l'ancien Pérou, de l'Amérique du sud-ouest et des îles Aléoutiennes.

Les chercheurs ont identifié une athérosclérose probable ou définitive chez 47, soit 34% des 137 momies et pour les 4 origines géographiques, 38% chez les « Egyptiens », 25% chez les « Péruviens », 60% chez les chasseurs-cueilleurs des îles Aléoutiennes. Cette athérosclérose était présente dans l'aorte chez 20% des momies, dans les artères iliaques ou fémorales chez 18% d’entre elles et dans les artères carotides chez 12%... Chez 25% des momies, l’athérosclérose a été identifiée sur 2 des sites étudiés. (santé log)

http://www.santelog.com/news/cardiologie/atherosclerose-horus-en-souffrait-deja-_10045_lirelasuite.htm

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Ancient Worlds: Mummy exhibition in Manchester

Ancient Worlds: Mummy exhibition in Manchester | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it

Over the years ,The Manchester Museum’s famous collection of mummies, housed in the Ancient Worlds Galleries has intrigued generations of visitors, academics and experts alike.

This year some the museum’s team decided to delve even further into the past and try to uncover the mysteries which have surrounded the mummies and joined forces with Manchester Children’s Hospital.

A selection of mummies were carefully transported to the hospital where they were CT scanned, in the evening to ensure that there was no disruption to the hospital’s service.

The X-ray techniques can provide clear pictures of the historical treasures inside the casks, without risking damage by opening them up.

More : http://www.itv.com/news/granada/2013-02-22/ancient-worlds-mummy-exhibition-in-manchester/


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US museum unwraps Egyptian mummy's story with CT scan

US museum unwraps Egyptian mummy's story with CT scan | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it
Using modern technology, a Virginia museum is working to unwrap the story behind one of the earliest surviving Egyptian mummies.
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The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond partnered this week with a medical imaging center to complete a CT scan on Tjeby, its 4 000-year-old mummy, in hopes of piecing together more information about the mummy itself and better understanding the early history of the mummification process.

While it isn't the first time a mummy has gone under the digital knife, only a handful from the time period have been examined in this fashion. The information gathered will help provide greater detail of the body, create a 3-D digital model and even reconstruct the face of the mummy that has been on display off and on since being acquired by the museum in 1953.

Little is known about Tjeby, who was buried in a rock-cut tomb at a site known as Sheikh Farag in upper Egypt and excavated in 1923.

What museum officials do know is that he dates to between 2150 and 2030 BCE, a time of instability in Egypt, with the breakdown of central authority and economic decline. Previous research suggests Tjeby was 25 to 40 years old when he died.

Experts hope a closer look at data will help piece together more biographical information, such as Tjeby's specific age, diet and cause of death. They also will look at the materials used to mummify the body and the amount of soft tissue that has survived, and will determine whether organs have been removed, as they were in mummies from later periods.

Researchers say the technology allows them to learn about the mummy in remarkable detail without invasive or damaging procedures.

 

More : http://www.timeslive.co.za/lifestyle/2013/02/03/us-museum-unwraps-egyptian-mummy-s-story-with-ct-scan

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Vatican mummy health check: It's never too late for an endoscopy

Vatican mummy health check: It's never too late for an endoscopy | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it

VATICAN CITY - Experts have just concluded a two-year study on the seven adult mummies in the Vatican Museums' collections.

The mummies underwent a full battery of X-rays, CT scans, endoscopic explorations, histological exams and a whole spectrum of genetic testing, leading one researcher to joke: "These mummies have gotten more medical attention now than when they were alive."

Egypte actus's insight:

The mummies underwent a full battery of X-rays, CT scans, endoscopic explorations, histological exams and a whole spectrum of genetic testing, leading one researcher to joke: "These mummies have gotten more medical attention now than when they were alive."

In fact, scientists can now make the kind of diagnoses ancient Egyptian doctors were probably unable to divine.

The scientific advancements in genetics, imaging technology and nano research also have brought new and unexpected discoveries with minimally and non-invasive techniques -- a far cry from the "unwrapping" autopsies of the 19th century.

For one thing, the mummy Ny-Maat-Re, "who we always referred to as 'she,' is in fact actually a man," said Alessia Amenta, Egyptologist and curator of the Vatican Museums' Department for the Antiquities of Egypt and the Near East.

The hieroglyphics on the mummy's three-dimensional painted coverings made of plaster and linen bandages -- called cartonnage -- had identified it as "the daughter of Sema-Tawi." But 3-D CT scan results from early January showed the never-unwrapped mummy is clearly male, Amenta said.

 

More : http://www.catholicregister.org/news/international/item/15710-vatican-mummy-health-check-its-never-too-late-for-an-endoscopy

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Vidéo promotionnelle de l'exposition "El secreto de la vida eterna" (LLeida)

"Momias egipcias. El secreto de la vida eterna" explora los complejos rituales relacionados con la muerte y la otra vida en el antiguo Egipto, que durante siglos han intrigado y fascinado a estudiosos y viajeros. Esta exposición excepcional presenta los tesoros del Rijksmuseum Van Oudheden de Leiden (Holanda), conocido en todo el mundo por sus colecciones de egiptología. 

La idea de "morir para volver a nacer" exigía conservar el cuerpo del difunto y, por esta razón, a lo largo de los siglos los antiguos egipcios fueron perfeccionando el arte de la momificación. Este tema apasionante se analiza y se explica mediante objetos procedentes de diferentes cámaras funerarias y periodos. Las tecnologías modernas han permitido que los científicos y los arqueólogos amplíen sus conocimientos sobre las enfermedades, los hábitos alimentarios y las condiciones de vida en el antiguo Egipto. Por eso es por lo que la muestra incluye imágenes de tomografías computarizadas y de placas radiológicas que el museo ha realizado a las momias incluidas en la exposición. 

Esta muestra permitirá ampliar los conocimientos de sus visitantes sobre la creencia en la vida tras la muerte en el antiguo Egipto y sobre la tarea que llevan a cabo arqueólogos y científicos para descubrir el pasado. Las momias se convierten aquí en testigos esenciales del pasado y nos revelan todos sus secretos. 

Exposición realizada con la colaboración del Rijksmuseum van Oudheden

Hasta 21 de abril de 2013 en CaixaForum Lleida

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El Misterio de la Momia Negra

For years, Italian Anthropologist Fabrizio Mori has been trekking into the Libyan Desert to look for graffiti, ancient inscriptions on rocks. Near the oasis of Ghat, 500 miles south of the Mediterranean coast, he found on his last expedition a shallow cave with many graffiti scratched on its walls. When he dug into the sandy floor, he found a peculiar bundle: a goatskin wrapped around the desiccated body of a child. The entrails had been removed and replaced by a bundle of herbs.

Such deliberate mummification was practiced chiefly by the ancient Egyptians. But when Dr. Mori took the mummy back to Italy and had its age measured by the carbon 14 method, it proved to be 5,400 years old—considerably older than the oldest known civilization in the valley of the Nile 900 miles to the east.

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Les momies aussi avaient des problèmes d'artères

Les momies aussi avaient des problèmes d'artères | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it

L'obstruction progressive des artères est souvent listé parmi les risques de santé lié à l'évolution de notre mode de vie, où activité physique et alimentation saine ne sont pas toujours au rendez-vous. Et pourtant : une étude publiée dimanche 10 mars par The Lancet (en anglais) montre que nos ancêtres étaient déjà atteints par ce type de maladies.

Les chercheurs ont étudié 137 momies venant d'Egypte, mais aussi du Pérou, du sud des Etats-Unis et d'Alaska, dont certaines étaient âgées de 4 000 ans. Un tiers présentait des signes d'artériosclérose, c'est-à-dire d'un durcissement et d'un épaississement de la paroi des artères. (France tv info)

 

Plus : http://www.francetvinfo.fr/les-momies-aussi-avaient-des-problemes-d-arteres_278659.html

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Oriental Institute | Mummy Label Database

Oriental Institute | Mummy Label Database | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it

The Mummy Label Database (MLD) is a joint project of the CSIC (Instituto de Lenguas y Culturas del Mediterráneo y Oriente Próximo, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales – CSIC), Madrid, and of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. This project, whose editors are Sofía Torallas Tovar (CSIC), Raquel Martín Hernández (CSIC), and François Gaudard (University of Chicago), is focused on making the already-published mummy labels easily accessible to scholars as an on-line database. In addition, the aim of the project is also to publish as many as possible of the still unpublished labels, as well as to republish all those that have been defectively or incompletely edited. Mummy labels were used as a means of identifying corpses of the deceased when they had to be transported from their home to the necropolis. Made of wood and more rarely of stone, faience, or even, in some rare cases, ivory, they were attached to the mummy with a piece of cord. These labels were inscribed in Demotic, Greek (or both), and sometimes in hieroglyphs, hieratic, Coptic, or even Aramaic, with short texts giving important information such as the name, parentage, age, place of residence, destination of the deceased, and, in certain instances, further indications about the shipping of the corpses. These small monuments represent a very interesting corpus which has often been neglected in the study of the material and documentary evidence from Egypt. There is an approximate number of 2500 known and edited labels, but the fact that they have been published in various periodicals and journals makes a thorough study all the more difficult to begin. This fully searchable database will be a useful tool for subsequent studies and we intend to make it available to the scholarly community via the internet. For further information on the project, see the Annual Reports below, in particular, that of 2008-2009.


http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/projects/mld/

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Los antiguos egipcios morían antes de los 30 años de hambre e infecciones

Los antiguos egipcios morían antes de los 30 años de hambre e infecciones | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it
Investigadores españoles analizan 200 momias y esqueletos de la necrópolis de Qubbet el-Hawa en Asuán y echan por tierra la imagen de opulencia con la que se relaciona a este pueblo

Los antiguos egipcios no vivían en tan buenas condiciones y rodeados de tanta opulencia como hasta ahora se pensaba, sino que sufrían hambre y malnutrición, multitud de enfermedades infecciosas y una altísima mortalidad infantil. Su esperanza de vidaapenas llegaba a los 30 años. Éstas son algunas de las conclusiones a las que ha llegado el proyecto de investigación Qubbet el-Hawa, de la Universidad de Jaén, en el que participan antropólogos de la Universidad de Granada, así como el Consejo Supremo de Antigüedades de la República Árabe de Egipto.

Se trata de una excavación que se desarrolla en la tumba número 33 de la necrópolis de Qubbet el-Hawa, justo en frente de la moderna ciudad de Asuán, a unos mil kilómetros al sur de El Cairo. Esta tumba fue construida durante la XII Dinastía (1939-1760 a. C.) para albergar el cuerpo de un alto dignatario de la región de Asuán del que, por el momento se desconoce su identidad.

Fue reutilizada con posterioridad en al menos tres ocasiones (XVIII, XXII y XXVI Dinastías), es una de las más grandes de la necrópolis y posee una gran potencialidad arqueológica, ya que alberga, al menos, una cámara intacta en su interior, con tres sarcófagos decorados de madera. (ABC.es)

 

Mas : http://www.abc.es/ciencia/20130219/abci-antiguos-egipcios-pasaban-hambre-201302191028.html

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Manchester Museum scan mummies to find out secrets of the ancient Egyptians

Manchester Museum scan mummies to find out secrets of the ancient Egyptians | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it
Staff from Manchester Museum invited the M.E.N. to watch the preserved bodies undergo CT scans at the Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital.
Egypte actus's insight:

Staff from Manchester Museum invited the M.E.N. to watch the preserved bodies undergo CT scans at the Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital.

Over the coming months, museum staff hope to scan all 24 of their mummies.

Curator Campbell Price said: “Obviously the priority is for living patients but these scanners are not normally used during the evenings, so it is a chance for us to carry out these tests.

“Because of the radiation, you wouldn’t normally do a full body scan of a living patient.

“But with mummies that’s not a problem and we expect it will generate lots of useful information.”

Although the museum’s mummies have been X-rayed before, it is the first time they have been subject to a detailed, modern scan. Staff hope the 3D images will reveal new information about how the subjects lived and died, along with diet and health.

Among the mummies scanned were Demetria, a middle-aged woman who lived around 100AD, and Pa-Sherui-Ankh, a young girl believed to have lived near the modern town of Akhmim in 300BC.

 

More : http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-museum-scan-mummies-to-find-1286047

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Egyptian Mummy's Elaborate Hairstyle Revealed in 3D

Egyptian Mummy's Elaborate Hairstyle Revealed in 3D | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it

Nearly 2,000 years ago, at a time when Egypt was under the control of the Roman Empire, a young woman with an elaborate hairstyle was laid to rest only yards away from a king's pyramid, researchers report.

She was 5 feet 2 inches in height, around age 20 when she died, and was buried in a decorated coffin whose face is gilded with gold. A nearby pyramid, at a site called Hawara, was built about 2 millennia before her lifetime. The location of her burial is known from archival notes.

Egypte actus's insight:

High-resolution CT scans reveal that, before she was buried, her hair was dressed in an elaborate hairstyle.

 

"The mummy's hair is readily appreciable, with longer strands at the middle of the scalp drawn back into twists or plaits that were then wound into a tutulus, or chignon at the vertex (crown) of the head," writes a research team in a paper published recently in the journal RSNA RadioGraphics. They note that it was a popular hairstyle at the time, which may have been inspired by a Roman empress, Faustina I, who lived in the second century. [See Photos of Egyptian Mummy's Reconstruction]

 

Today, thanks to research and reconstruction work that includes high-resolution CT scans, anthropological analysis, 3D printing and facial reconstruction drawing, this woman, along with two other mummies, are being brought back to life. Their three-dimensional faces and hair, carefully reconstructed by professional forensic artist Victoria Lywood, of John Abbott College, are set to be revealed tomorrow (Jan. 25) at the Redpath Museum at McGill University in Montreal, Canada.

In pictures sent to LiveScience the reconstructions appear vividly real in every aspect, from the tone of their muscles to the color and style of their hair. It looks like they could be people living today.

 

More : http://www.livescience.com/26576-egyptian-mummy-hairstyle-3d-reconstruction.html

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Animales sagrados egipcio Un viaje a los secretos de la momificación

Animales sagrados egipcio  Un viaje a los secretos de la momificación | Égypte-actualités | Scoop.it
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Museo Romano OIASSO

c/ Eskoleta, 1 - 20302 IRUN

 

Esta exposición da a conocer los trabajos de investigación de momias egipcias de animales de más de 2700 años de antigüedad que se han desarrollado entre los años 2009 y 2012 por un equipo interdisciplinar de la Universidad de Navarra. Este trabajo pionero ha permitido diferenciar los tipos de fauna, conocer las técnicas y materiales de embalsamamiento, visualizar la existencia de vasos, palos o cañas en el interior, que ayudan a estilizar las momias, precisar la datación y constatar la presencia de amuletos internos con los cuales los antiguos egipcios pedían protección a sus dioses. 

La muestra nos acerca a conocer las prácticas de embalsamamiento, las diferentes representaciones artísticas de las divinidades y las creencias religiosas por las que se regía la sociedad faraónica, controlada por sus sacerdotes. 

El estudio ha sido fruto de una amplia colaboración en la que han participado la Universidad de Navarra, el Museo Provincial de Huesca, la Fundación Archeo et Fides, el Museu Egipci de Barcelona, el Museo Bíblico y Oriental de León y el Museo Bíblico Tarraconense. El equipo ha sido codirigido por el Dr. Carlos Ortiz y la Dra. María Luz Mangado. El estudio se ha realizado en el Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada de la Universidad de Navarra y en la Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, bajo la dirección de Dr. Gorka Bastarrika.

 
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