Cross Border Higher Education

Higher education participation and enrolment has expanded considerably over the past century, and particularly since 1970. However, growth predicted over the 30 years from 2000-30 is likely to be higher than that experienced between 1970 and 2000. The number of students enrolled in higher education by 2030 is forecast to rise from 99.4 million in 2000 to 414.2 million in 2030 – an increase of 314%.

Abstract

The article argues that twenty-first century globalization is markedly different from twentieth century globalization and reviews the major changes. The discussion focuses on the portée of these changes for development policies and notes three trends: new industrializing countries in the global South have become drivers of the world economy; the agency of development shifts from metropolitan institutions to developing countries; and the pendulum swings from unfettered market forces to growing state coordination. The upshot of these changes is an era of growing development pluralism, with ramifications for international development cooperation. North–South relations, between industrialized and developing countries have long been of pivotal importance, but in the twenty-first century, the importance of North–South development cooperation is receding. At issue are two ruptures in the development field: the twenty-first century brings part of the developing world outside the grasp of Western institutions and the 2008 crisis brings slowdown and changing political economies in the West. The conclusion reflects on how twenty-first century trends hold up after the 2008 crisis, notes that the rise of emerging societies outlasts the crisis and argues that development pluralism is here to stay.