The 1950’s were the gateway to a brave, new world in typography ushered in by the leap from metal typesetting to photocomposition. These were ground-breaking and transitional times in the history of typography and design due to changes in technology that allowed for total control (and increased speed) over the setting of type, which in turn heralded in a new era of expressive typography. One of the hallmarks of this unprecedented period in typographic history was U&lc (Upper and lowercase), the typographic journal published by International Typeface Corporation (ITC) from 1970 to 1999. This award-winning publication was created to showcase the ITC typeface library, in addition to serving as a palette for virtuoso typography and exceptional typographic design. Originally edited and designed by Herb Lubalin until his death in 1981, U&lc went on to feature an assemblage of prominent designers who used this unique typographic platform to create some of the most expressive, experimental, and stimulating typography of the times. The rotating circle of designers had complete freedom to explore typographic solutions without restrictions. U&lc became noted for its powerful—sometimes brash—and always stirring, typographic design. The graphic design community eagerly anticipated each quarterly issue, which was avidly read and circulated [...]

The terms of ‘wireframe’ and ‘prototype’ are always get confused by designers, despite the experienced designer, possibly due to the misunderstanding or some other reasons. Actually, the concept between the two terms is quite obvious and different. Now, let’s distinguish the two terms clearly.