A short slideshow about the difference between artificial and augmented intelligence and the "glacial pace of AI" compared to the web. Also to consider: AI + CI (Google's PageRank, for example) -- Howard
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Digital data stem from our own personal and social cognitive processes and thus express them in one way or another. But we still don’t have any scientific tools to make sense of the data flows produced by online creative conversations at the scale of the digital medium as a whole. Via Ucka Ludovic Ilolo
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Levy presents his ideas about the way human communications and digital media create platforms for augmented collective intelligence. 
Ignasi Alcalde's curator insight,
June 11, 5:06 AM
las comunicaciones humanas y los medios digitales crean plataformas para aumentada inteligencia colectiva. 
Liliane Clavel Pardo's curator insight,
June 16, 6:11 AM
J'adore les articles selectionnés par cet internaute... Delete the scoop?
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The model of distributed calculations, where a problem is broken down into distinct parts that can be solved individually on a computer and then recombined, has been around for decades. But when Google developed the MapReduce algorithm, it added a distinct wrinkle to this method of distributed computing and opened new doors for commercial and scientific endeavors.
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Distributed computation and big data meets collective intelligence. Expect this hybrid to develop. 
luiy's curator insight,
May 29, 7:22 AM
But when Google developed the MapReduce algorithm, it added a distinct wrinkle to this method of distributed computing and opened new doors for commercial and scientific endeavors. Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework that evolved from Google's MapReduce algorithm. Many Internet giants—Facebook, Yahoo, eBay, Twitter—rely on Hadoop to crunch data across thousands of computer servers in order to quickly identify and serve customized data to consumers.
Training Data Scientists Deploying a new cluster with important, but largely untested technology for scientists is a great first step. But you also have to identify and build a community to take advantage of these emerging tools. TACC has been a leader in education and outreach to the public, offering training, tutorials and university-level instruction on Hadoop as it relates to high-performance parallel computing. In Fall 2011 and 2012, Xu introduced Hadoop to students in the Visualization and Data Analysis course he co-teaches in the Division of Statistics and Scientific Computing at the university. In addition, Baldridge and Lease jointly designed a new course, "Data-Intensive Computing for Text Analysis," which was offered in Fall 2011, that involved significant use of TACC's Hadoop resources. Interestingly, the course attracted a multi-disciplinary group with 16 computer science students, four iSchool students, three linguistics students, and two electrical and computer engineering students. At the end of May 2013, Xu will chair a workshop on Benchmarks, Performance Optimization, and Emerging Hardware of Big Data Systems and Applications in conjunction with 2013 IEEE International Conference on Big Data. Which of the host of new heterogeneous hardware and software technologies available for high-performance clusters are best suited for data-intensive applications? And how can HPC systems be optimally designed to solve big data problems? These are the questions that TACC's Hadoop R&D seeks to answer.
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Can you use more useful information in your business and don't know where to find it. Then read this IBM white paper to see how using your staff can use the pow
Howard Rheingold's insight:
IBM whitepaper on collective intelligence. IBM has transformed itself in recent years, in large part due to their harnessing of their employees' collective intelligence through social media. Delete the scoop?
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The truth is that if Reddit is actually interested in using the power of its crowd to help the authorities, it needs to dramatically rethink its approach.
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Reddit failed publicly to effectively crowdsource the task of identifying the Boston bombers. James Surowiecki, author of The Wisdom of Crowds, points out that the Reddit collective did not have access to the Lord & Taylor surveillance videos that the FBI eventually used to identify the bombers. Surowiecki gives valuable advie in this aritlcle: How Reddit might mount a more effective collective intelligence effort by posting images without comment, allowing users to comb through them and vote on both incriminating and esculpatory evidence, then passing the aggregated results to authorities. Surowiecki cites NASA's Clickworkers experiment as a model. Delete the scoop?
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PageRank is a link analysis algorithm, named after Larry Page[1] and used by the Google web search engine, that assigns a numerical weighting to each element of a hyperlinked set of documents, such as the World Wide Web, with the purpose of "measuring" its relative importance within the set. The algorithm may be applied to any collection of entities with reciprocal quotations and references. The numerical weight that it assigns to any given element E is referred to as the PageRank of E and denoted by The name "PageRank" is a trademark of Google, and the PageRank process has been patented (U.S. Patent 6,285,999). However, the patent is assigned to Stanford University and not to Google. Google has exclusive license rights on the patent from Stanford University. The university received 1.8 million shares of Google in exchange for use of the patent; the shares were sold in 2005 for $336 million.[2][3] The value of incoming links is colloquially referred to as "Google juice", "link juice" or "Pagerank juice".[citation needed]
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Every time you Google, you are using an augmented collective intelligence engine. PageRank is the algorithm that weights the inbound links to web pages as "votes" for that page's significance. Certainly no blogger thinks "I'm making Google more intelligent and contributing to its value" when adding a link to a website. More likely, they think "this is a valuable link for the attention of my public." By figuring out how to measure the informational value of websites through a mathematical manipulation of its inbound links, Google created a collective intelligence engine (and, to the benefit of Google's stockholders, created an attention magnet for displaying advertising messages -- a case of a public good that is also a concentrator of private wealth. 
Robin Good's comment,
March 30, 6:01 PM
Until it realized that websites were happily selling and exchanging links not as a way to honestly rank and vote for each other's quality, but only to artificously increase their search engine visibility.
Today PageRank still exists, but it offers little insight and help to web publishers wanting to improve their online reach. 
Brad Ovenell-Carter's curator insight,
March 30, 9:40 PM
Howard's is an important insight; business is creassets educational assets faster and better than what the state creates, costs there are hidden costs. 
Howard Rheingold's comment,
March 31, 4:08 PM
Robin raises a good point about the classic arms race between Google, SEO, and spam.
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Connections 4.5 will become available in March. At the top of its enhancements list are document management capabilities that allow networked members to access, analyze, and act on data. It will also have a content manager feature so teams and communities can build "collective intelligence" that was either unachievable in the past or possible only under lengthy time constraints. It helps if you think of this in terms of the Pony Express versus the telegraph. The anticipated upside, as IBM is eager to point out, will be much quicker business problem solving, increased productivity, and--you'll be happy to hear this--rising profits.
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Lotus Notes was primitive, but IBM has been interested in collectie intelligence media for a long time. It looks like they are still at it.
Howard Rheingold's comment,
March 31, 4:13 PM
Scoop.it spam! Spam is like water -- if there is a leak, it will find its way in.
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In the online conversation, Professor Malone addresses a very important question that comes up when first considering a brand new concept like collective intelligence. “Why are we doing all this work?” “There are at least three answers. The first is, as scientists, we want to understand how the world works, and in particular, how the world of groups of people and computers work together. How human societies and human networks work. Second, we want to help businesses, governments and other kinds of organizations know how to work better themselves. How can we create more intelligent organizations, more intelligent businesses, more intelligent governments, more intelligent societies?” “Third, in a way, we are trying to understand how our whole world and society is evolving in a way that I think is making us more collectively intelligent. You could say that the Internet is one way of greatly accelerating the connections among different people and computers on our planet. As all the people and computers on our planet get more and more closely connected, it's becoming increasingly useful to think of all the people and computers on the planet as a kind of global brain.” “Our future as a species may depend on our ability to use our global collective intelligence to make choices that are not just smart, but also wise.”
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Coverage of Tom Malone's Center for Collective Intelligence has been repetitive, but Wladawsky-Berger, former VP of tech strategy at IBM, is not the usual observer. Delete the scoop?
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This article is part of a series: ‘Governance and other systems of mass collaboration’. Stigmergy is a mechanism of indirect coordination between agents or actions. The principle is tha...
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Stigmergy coordinates dumb agents like ants into seemingly intelligent behavior. It can also coordinate intelligent agents like humans. We're just beginning to learn how to design stigmergic collaboration environments. Howard
"Stigmergy is a mechanism of indirect coordination between agents or actions. The principle is that the trace left in the environment by an action stimulates the performance of a next action, by the same or a different agent. In that way, subsequent actions tend to reinforce and build on each other, leading to the spontaneous emergence of coherent, apparently systematic activity. Stigmergy is a form of self-organization. It produces complex, seemingly intelligent structures, without need for any planning, control, or even direct communication between the agents. – Wikipedia"
luiy's curator insight,
January 3, 6:02 AM
Stigmergy coordinates dumb agents like ants into seemingly intelligent behavior. It can also coordinate intelligent agents like humans. We're just beginning to learn how to design stigmergic collaboration environments. Howard
"Stigmergy is a mechanism of indirect coordination between agents or actions. The principle is that the trace left in the environment by an action stimulates the performance of a next action, by the same or a different agent. In that way, subsequent actions tend to reinforce and build on each other, leading to the spontaneous emergence of coherent, apparently systematic activity. Stigmergy is a form of self-organization. It produces complex, seemingly intelligent structures, without need for any planning, control, or even direct communication between the agents. – Wikipedia" The future A new system of governance or collaboration that does not follow a competitive hierarchical model will need to employ stigmergy in most of its action based systems. It is neither reasonable nor desirable for individual thought and action to be subjugated to group consensus in matters which do not affect the group, and it is frankly impossible to accomplish complex tasks if every decision must be presented for approval; that is the biggest weakness of the hierarchical model. The incredible success of so many internet projects are the result of stigmergy, not cooperation, and it is stigmergy that will help us build quickly, efficiently and produce results far better than any of us can foresee at the outset. 
Kurt Laitner's curator insight,
January 3, 9:56 PM
Hits pretty much all the bells, I will be pointing at this article a lot in the future to save breath. Delete the scoop?
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Tom Malone's MIT Center for Collective Intelligence is emerging as the single most active researchsite for studying augmented collective intelligence. -- Howard
"If we want to predict what's going to happen, especially if we want to be able to take advantage of what's going to happen, we need to understand those possibilities at a much deeper level than we do so far. That's really our goal in the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, which I direct. In fact, one way we frame our core research question there is: How can people and computers be connected so that—collectively—they act more intelligently than any person, group or computer has ever done before? If you take that question seriously, the answers you get are often very different from the kinds of organizations and groups we know today." Delete the scoop?
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I haven't tried this yet. -- Howard
"A mural is a flexible content format that aggregates media and files, ideal for group ideation and visual sharing." 
Vanessa Camilleri's comment,
October 22, 2012 4:06 AM
This is really awesome... especially to use for group learners!
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I have not tried this, but it looks like a potentially powerful augmentation technology. -- Howard
"Expertmaker’s technology is based on Artificial Intelligence and advanced Computational Intelligence, including machine learning and evolutionary computation. This is normally very complex stuff. However, we have packaged all the advanced technology into a simple to use platform making it available to literally anyone. The desktop toolkit is a software application you download to your PC. You use the toolkit to create your solutions. In addition this is your interface to the server and API configurations. The toolkit contains the various AI technologies that you use to create your search solutions. You can use several different AI technologies in one solution. With the solution you can create your own semantic structures for handling complex solutions." Delete the scoop?
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Collective intelligence in the public sphere? Jury is still out on whether it can work, but experiments like this might show the way. -- Howard
"We improve social decision making through better information, increased public engagement, and the collective creativity of communities." Delete the scoop?
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Crisis mapping, combining instant reports from mobile phones with online mapping resources, is a promising emerging genre of augmented collective intelligence. -- Howard
"OpenStreetMap, the free and editable map of the world, kicked off its international conference today in Tokyo, with the entire first day dedicated to improving disaster response and crisis mapping. With the March 2011 Tōhoku tsunami still fresh on people's minds and events like the recent Talas Typhoon reminding us that disasters are a constant threat, we know that disaster response must be an ongoing, structural concern. The Japanese community hosting the conference did a great job highlighting how crisis mapping needs to be central in disaster response efforts -- and how a free tool like OpenStreetMap can make a big difference. Fukushima resident and mapper Kinya Inoue talks about the utter devastation the 2011 tsunami left behind." Delete the scoop?
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Virtually all talk of cognitive enhancement focuses exclusively on the enhancement of individual intelligence. But what about enhancing group intelligence?
Howard Rheingold's insight:
The author adds some provocative insights to reports of the early work on the collective intelligence of groups. In particular, if social sensivitiy among at least some of the group members can be individually augmented, then the collective intelligence of the group might thereby also be augmented. h/t Ted Newcomb 
Lia Goren's curator insight,
June 1, 4:13 AM
Inteligencia del grupo, mejora y mentes amplidas (si hay mucho error de traducción, acepto el aviso). La investigación a la que se refiere el post contradice la concepción intuitiva de que la inteligencia de las personas, cuando trabajan colaborativamente en un grupo, equivale a la adición del IQ de cada integrante del grupo. No es así. Fenómenos interesantes suceden cuando trabajamos en grupo.
Lia Goren's curator insight,
June 1, 4:15 AM
Inteligencia del grupo, mejora y mentes amplidas (si hay mucho error de traducción, acepto el aviso). La investigación a la que se refiere el post contradice la concepción intuitiva de que la inteligencia de las personas, cuando trabajan colaborativamente en un grupo, equivale a la adición del IQ de cada integrante del grupo. No es así. Fenómenos interesantes suceden cuando trabajamos en grupo. Delete the scoop?
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In a production economy, value creation depends on land, labor and capital. In a knowledge economy, value creation depends mainly on the ideas and innovations to be found in people’s heads. Those ideas cannot be forcibly extracted. All one can do is mobilize collective intelligence and knowledge. If knowing how to produce and sell has become a basic necessity, it no longer constitutes a sufficiently differentiating factor in international competition. In the past, enterprises were industrial and commercial; in the future, they will increasingly have to be intelligent.
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Slideshow with detailed text -- English translation of French book on collective intelligence in the enterprise -- collective intelligence, knowledge management, collaboration tools. Delete the scoop?
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" GitHub allows a form of collaboration without collaborating. If Facebook and Twitter are social networks based upon mutual or asymmetrical relationships between users (“those you went to school with” and “those you wish you went to school with” as the two networks are occasionally described), then GitHub is a social network which allows the creation of relationships between texts through a process of replication. While users on GitHub can “follow” each other, as you would on Twitter, you can “star” projects that you interested in or “watch” their progress over time. Any public repository can also be very easily “cloned,” which downloads the project to your computer, complete with the hidden “.git” directory that contains its full history."
Howard Rheingold's insight:
Github takes collaborative writing beyond the initial stage of multi-authored, commented texts by enabling anybody to make copies of other texts, propose ("commit") changes, and either fork the original text into a new version or request that changes be folded back in. Delete the scoop?
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" But his new effort, a five-person outfit called Smart Patients, actually does look like something that could actually change the way patients, doctors, and industry interact. Its web site, envisioned as a kind of combination of clinical trials search engine and message board community, might further empower cancer patients whose relationship with their disease has already been changed fundamentally by the Internet. ... that takes advantage of the untapped knowledge that exists in a network of cancer patients and caregivers both so they can better help each other and so the healthcare system around them can learn from them. The two goals of the company are to help patients and caregivers to learn even more even faster, and to innovate the ways the healthcare system can learn from them.”
Howard Rheingold's insight:
At times, I've been a caregiver, a patient, a part of a support community for a patient, and I can tell you from intimate personal experience that collective intelligence among patients online is a tidal force. I'm glad to see that knowledgeable people are working to rationalize what patients have been doing for years -- pooling their experiences and knowledge in an online collective intelligence that can have life or death consequences.
Vanessa Camilleri's curator insight,
May 8, 4:23 AM
Collective intelligence can really make a difference if harnessed and directed to the proper channels of communication. Moderation (although this may be a bit tricky to define), is crucial in these cases to avoid peer support turning into some kind of mass frenzy. Delete the scoop?
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The intelligence community turns to big data to predict social unrest, election results, and currency collapse
Howard Rheingold's insight:
You can bet that DARPA is on the case. They were the original sponsors of Engelbart' "Augmentation of Human Intellect" in the 1960s. And of course, they created the ARPAnet, the original augmented collective intelligence medium. 
Víctor Farré's curator insight,
February 19, 3:34 AM
Todo está escrito, pesado y contado, sólo hay que encontrarlo y relacionarlo. 
Jens Hoffmann's curator insight,
April 5, 5:31 PM
The intelligence community sponsors big data research to predict the likeliness of a popular revolt toppling a government, a deadly disease outbreak, a sudden currency collapse, or war. Delete the scoop?
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Recently I've had some inquiries about the best tool to use for a group to collaborate and share articles, videos, images, documents, etc. My initial thought was a wiki, but now that I've fully inv...
Howard Rheingold's insight:
This is an excellent, illustrated, step-by-step guide for groups who want to use this free social bookmarking service for collaborative curation -- a great way to exercise the group's collective intelligence capabilities. 
wayne_b's curator insight,
February 6, 3:26 PM
Rhingold is a great experimenter and researcher, and this is a good tool to work with. Delete the scoop?
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Howard Rheingold's insight:
Science started out as a citizen enterprise, before it became a profession. Digital media, networks, and to some extent, games, are opening up scientific exploration to many more. Delete the scoop?
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I've been collecting URLs related to "Sharing Economy" for nearly ten years at http://delicious.com/hrheingold/sharing_economy -- and now we're seeing it kick into high gear. Technology lowers barriers to collective action (smart mobs) and also lowers barriers to sharing (sharing economy). -- Howard
"As the sharing economy picks up momentum, its reach has become global. In cities and towns around the world, people are creating ways to share everything from baby clothes to boats, hardware to vacation homes. There are also groups emerging that consciously identify with the big-picture sharing movement. These groups focus on education, action and community-building, and advocate for a cultural shift toward widespread sharing. From neighborhood-level cooperatives to global organizations, these groups work to bring sharing into the mainstream. They see sharing as a new paradigm; a means to a more democratic society, and they understand that sharing is not a new fad but an ancient practice that technology is reinvigorating." 
Crystal Arnold's curator insight,
January 21, 7:26 PM
This describes relational wealth, and the importance of cooperation. Delete the scoop?
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So much work on augmented intelligence is about the technology. This approach appears to combine the social and technological aspects -- truly augmented collective intelligence. -- Howard
"Computer scientists are looking to improve on the performance of artificially intelligent personal assistants by devising a way to use the power of a human crowd to chat you instead. The system, known as Chorus, was designed by researchers at the University of Rochester to allow a number of users to act as a single agent that converses with a single end user in real time. Chorus was made to try and deal with a couple of problems - the limited knowledge base of a single human user, and the often stilted conversational ability of AI that can leave you feeling like you would be better off talking to your dog. The use of a multitude of human users means that everyone can suggest answers, providing a large pool of possible responses, with the crowd voting to reach a consensus about the best way to proceed." Delete the scoop?
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Augmentation always requires the individual human brain, the technological extension and the methods, language, and training that support use of the technology, and social communication among populations of individuals. In this extended e-book, I try to situate augmentation in the historical progression of human biological and cultural evolution and project a vision of where it might go in the future. -- Howard
"Mind Amplifier: Can Our Digital Tools Make Us Smarter? examines the origins of digital mind-extending tools, and lays out the foundations for their future. In it, Rheingold proposes an applied, interdisciplinary science of mind amplification. He also unveils a new protocol for developing techno-cognitive-social technologies that embrace empathy, mindfulness, and compassion — elements lacking from existing digital mind-tools." Delete the scoop?
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If it is done right, this could be a collective intelligence platform as well as a crowdsourcing tool for journalists and an experiment in the public sphere. -- Howard
"The Washington Post today announced it has launched a new platform for crowdsourcing. “Crowd Sourced” is The Post’s special feature that allows Post journalists to ask questions about today’s concerns and begin a conversation about these issues. Users will be able to answer those questions and vote for the ideas they value most, so the most popular responses are surfaced on the page." Delete the scoop?
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Crowdsourcing is usually mindless -- parcelling out microtasks to many people, each of whom contribute a bit of work or perception (often for a few cents). What about combining crowdsourcing and collective intelligence (where each contributor adds a piece of the puzzle, with contributions aggregated and perhaps filtered)? -- Howard
"Personal assistants such as Apple's Siri may be useful, but they are still far from matching the smarts and conversational skills of a real person. Researchers at the University of Rochester have demonstrated a new, potentially better approach that creates a smart artificial chat partner from fleeting contributions from many crowdsourced workers." Delete the scoop?
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