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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
September 5, 2012 12:29 AM
Digital Storytelling is the practice of using computer-based tools to tell stories. As with traditional storytelling, most digital stories focus on a specific topic and contain a particular point of view. However, as the name implies, digital stories usually contain some mixture of computer-based images, text, recorded audio narration, video clips and/or music. Digital stories can vary in length, but most of the stories used in education typically last between two and ten minutes. The topics that are used in Digital Storytelling range from personal tales to the recounting of historical events, from exploring life in one's own community to the search for life in other corners of the universe, and literally, everything in between. A great way to begin learning about Digital Storytelling is by watching the following video introduction to Digital Storytelling.
According to Bernard Robin, at the University of Houston, she states in her Power Point presentation that the educational uses of digital storytelling are immeasurable. She clearly shows that if this type of technology is used appropriately by classroom teachers its results will be effective in helping students with research skills, writing skills, organizational skills, technology skills, presentational skills, interviewing skills, interpersonal skills, problem-solving skills, and assessment skills. She also mentions that students will learn information from digital storytelling that will influence and improve their digital, global, technology, visual, and information literacy skills. The questions that arise around the practicality of using such technology have lead others to write about how digital storytelling can be integrated into the classroom to allow students to construct their own learning. In an article in Library Media Connection (2003) titled, What’s Your Digital Story? the authors explain that when we integrate digital storytelling into classroom projects we also enable students to construct their own stories. This pursuit requires students to become active participants instead of passive viewers. They further state that when students structure in narrative stories they are more likely to remember this information and commit it to memory as it is believed that our brains are wired in narrative stories and the construction of these stories help us to better cope with conflict and give us the ability to put incongruity into neat little packages we call stories. There is also reason to believe that by producing digital stories students become more critical when viewing media such as television, computers, and video games. They can now see how easy it can be to manipulate images and text to produce information that is less than truthful. According to (Barrett, 2006) she sees digital storytelling as a means of creating a reflective portfolio that ties into a new type of learning environment whereas the instruction is student centered with multi-sensory stimulation. As students work collaboratively exchanging information in an active mode with real opportunity they develop and use critical thinking skills. The new learning environment has application because it is authentic and the learning is not isolated or out of context. She states that students will be able to: • Communicate using a variety of media and formats • Access and exchange information in a variety of ways • Compile, organize, analyze, and synthesize information • Draw conclusions and make generalizations based on information gathered • Know content and be able to locate additional information as needed • Become self-directed learners • Collaborate and cooperate in team efforts • Interact with others in ethical and appropriate ways Delete the scoop?
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
August 9, 2012 9:44 AM
Interactive lectures can increase student engagement with course material and facilitate learning. In traditional lectures, the majority of class time is devoted to the instructor’s delivery of information. During interactive lectures, the instructor interrupts the lecture to allow time for short activities.
These activities can take on many forms as discussed later, but they are important in that they allow students to use material learned in class and contribute to their own learning.During lecture breaks, the instructor poses a question or problem that promotes students to actively work with the concepts learned in class. Because learners tend to retain information based on their involvement in the learning process, transforming students from passive receivers of information into active users of information leads to increases in student retention of material. The idea of incorporating activities within lecture time is often met with the criticism that it wastes time that could be used to cover additional course material. However, sustained lectures that exceed the typical attention span of 10-20 minutes do not ensure that the material is actually reaching students. In fact, students record in their notes a greater percentage of material from short lecture segments than they do from longer lectures. Many of the activities described below take only a few minutes to implement, but still provide important learning opportunities for students.Another benefit of using activities within lectures is that it can create a feedback loop for instructors to get information about student learning earlier than the exam or major assignment date. Seeing students struggle with an activity can be the stimulus for the instructor to review important concepts related to that activity. In recent years, the lecture has fallen on hard times. Prominent researchers have raised doubts about its use, claiming that lectures rely on rote learning and fail to promote active engagement. Yet most of us have either attended or delivered wonderful lectures—lectures that have expanded our thinking, provided fresh insights, or opened our eyes to new worlds. Clearly, lectures can be an efficient way of transmitting large amounts of information in a relatively small amount of time. Delete the scoop?
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
July 1, 2012 6:14 AM
Teachers have a lot to do with their students' motivational level. A student may arrive in class with a certain degree of motivation. But the teacher's behavior and teaching style, the structure of the course, the nature of the assignments and informal interactions with students all have a large effect on student motivation.
Educational psychology has identified two basic classifications of motivation - intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation arises from a desire to learn a topic due to its inherent interests, for self-fulfillment, enjoyment and to achieve a mastery of the subject. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation is motivation to perform and succeed for the sake of accomplishing a specific result or outcome. Students who are very grade-oriented are extrinsically motivated, whereas students who seem to truly embrace their work and take a genuine interest in it are intrinsically motivated. As the population of the World Wide Web (WWW) increases, its use as a means of delivering instruction is also growing. Several researchers (Parson, 1998; Alexander, 1995; Miller, 1995a & 1995b) argued that while implementing a new technology, educators should evaluate how and why students learn via the new technology in order to help with curriculum and instructional designs. Additionally, Parson (1998) stressed the importance of understanding how the new technology can affect learning when it is used by different types of learners. Identifying students’ learning styles helps educators understand how people perceive and process information in different ways. According to Cano, Garton, and Raven (1992), one of the most widely studied learning style theories contrasts field-dependence and field-independence. Several studies (Annis, 1979; Moore & Dwyer, 1992; Ronning, McCurdy, & Ballinger, 1984) have shown that field-independent people tend to outperform field-dependent people in various settings. However, in their study related to the effects of learning styles on achievement in a WWW course, Day, Raven, and Newman (1997) found learning styles had no effect on student achievement or attitudes toward Web-based instruction, which echoes the findings of the study on learning styles in a hypermedia environment conducted by Liu and Reed (1994). The taxonomy of learning styles developed by Curry (1990) used the concepts of learning styles, student achievement, and motivation to explain the process of learning. Learning styles consist of a combination of motivation, engagement, and cognitive processing habits, which then influence the use of metacognitve skills such as situation analysis, self-pacing, and self-evaluation to produce a learning outcome. Curry’s taxonomy (1990) suggested that motivation, learning styles, and student achievement are associated
Gust MEES's comment,
July 1, 2012 10:45 AM
@Konstantinos Kalemis
Hi, Thanks for your valuable comment, much appreciated. Have a nice Sunday. Gust Delete the scoop?
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
June 22, 2012 9:51 AM
Virtually every week, there's another news report about employers using Facebook to evaluate or screen employees or potential employees, making assumptions about character, trustworthiness, or conduct based upon Facebook postings or "friends."
Whether you're active or not on Facebook, if you haven't visited the Privacy Settings area, you should put this on the top of your to-do list. In short, Facebook pages get indexed very well by the major search engines, and unless you know both what's on your page and what could be on your page as a result of friends' postings, you should take control pronto. From Facebook, click Account in the upper right-hand corner, and from the drop-down menu, choose Privacy Settings. The Choose Your Privacy Settings page opens. Under Sharing on Facebook, go directly to the "Customize settings" link at the bottom of the Settings table, and make the most appropriate selections for what you wish to share with the world, your friends, and friends of your friends. But don't stop there. Under the Connecting on Facebook section, click the "View Settings" link. The Connecting on Facebook page appears, and from there you make important decisions such as whether you can be found as a result of a standard search on Facebook and whether others can view your list of friends. Consider Facebook a close relative of e-mail. That means that anything you say, any picture you post, any member you befriend can be made public without too much trouble - regardless of your privacy settings. In the digital age, after all, everyone knows how to copy and paste, and screen captures can easily link you with a post on your wall. If you really want something to remain private, don't post it on Facebook. A growing number of third-party social networking applications and websites - such as TweetDeck for Twitter and Digsby for instant messaging - are asking for access to your Facebook account so that updates can be sent two ways. Don't allow such access requests unless you know what you're getting into. Using third-party tools that are tied into Facebook might make you appear "online" on Facebook far more often than you actually are, for example - a potentially embarrassing situation. You can avoid these risks and enjoy social networking sites by following a few sensible guidelines: • Don’t let peer pressure or what other people are doing on these sites push you into doing something you’re not comfortable with. • Be wary of publishing any identifying information about yourself. NO: phone numbers, pictures of your home, workplace or school, your address, birthday or full name. • Pick a user name that doesn’t include any personal information. • Set up a separate email account that doesn’t use your real name and use that to register and receive mail from the site. That way if you want to shut down your connection, you can simply stop using that mail account. • Use a strong password. • Keep your profile closed and only allow your friends to view your profile. • What goes online stays online. Don’t say anything or publish pictures that might cause you embarrassment later. • Learn how to use the site. Use the privacy features on the site you use to restrict strangers’ access to your profile. Be guarded about who you let join your network. • Be on your guard against phishing scams. Delete the scoop?
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
June 19, 2012 2:31 AM
Over the past decade, the rapidly growing realization of the importance of intangible assets and intellectual capital as a whole in the operation of organizations has led to the need to manage companies in a new way and to measure their performance in a new way.
In the business world where most of the organizational value is based on intangible assets, the ability to recognize and estimate the sources of this value has become vital for companies. In order to be able to manage intellectual assets we have to recognize where this value is coming from and how it is created in an organization. It has become very popular to define and study intellectual capital, and several authors have tried to define it in a unique way and propose their own measurement methods. Though the definitions of intellectual capital are all very similar, describing more or less the same source of intellectual assets, the approaches to measure them differ substantially. They differ primarily in the purpose of the measurement, where some methods are more appropriate for external communication and some for internal use. But what is common to all the methods is their difficult implementation in practice. There are several problems with the implementation of different measurement methods, such as the lack of necessary data, of accounting standards for intellectual capital, and of detailed method descriptions. Some of these limitations can be overcome by approximation, by subjective evaluation or simply by choosing a different method. The key elements have evolved through just being there, to physical capital dominated to organizational capital dominated and now to human capital dominated. It could be argued that agricultural and industrial societies required human capital too, however, in these societies the use of humans tended to be as extensions of machines rather than as assets employing the intellectual capital attributes of humans such as intellectual agility and creativity. Delete the scoop?
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Ana Cristina Pratas's comment,
September 17, 2012 1:36 PM
Thank you too Kostantinos Kalemis for the link you forwarded - much appreciated! :-)
David Luigi FUSCHI's comment,
April 9, 3:21 AM
Are we sure that Critical Thinking is really appreciated as it should? In my personal experience critical thinker are often opposed if not hunted. Deciding to be a critical thinker may have a high price especially in certain context like industry or management. Definitely it brings better results and can easily foster innovation, but it is hated by man of power and yes-men. I pride myself of constantly trying to be a critical thinker and most of all to be critical of myself and my actions, but I have to say that this has taken me quite a toll in my life, yet I do not regret it. Sorry for stepping in, I do hope this two-penny thought could help in sparkle some discussion on how to foster critical thinking.
ajo monzo's comment,
April 9, 3:32 AM
Hello David, I agree with you, to be a critical thinker sometimes can be even dangerous, buttheyare the people who move the world...thanks a lot for your comment!
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
August 9, 2012 9:53 AM
To work, the 21st century skills movement will require keen attention to curriculum, teacher quality, and assessment.
A growing number of business leaders, politicians, and educators are united around the idea that students need "21st century skills" to be successful today. It's exciting to believe that we live in times that are so revolutionary that they demand new and different abilities. But in fact, the skills student’s needs in the 21st century are not new. Critical thinking and problem solving, for example, have been components of human progress throughout history, from the development of early tools, to agricultural advancements, to the invention of vaccines, to land and sea exploration. Such skills as information literacy and global awareness are not new, at least not among the elites in different societies. The need for mastery of different kinds of knowledge, ranging from facts to complex analysis? Not new either. Today we cannot afford a system in which receiving a high-quality education is akin to a game of bingo. If we are to have a more equitable and effective public education system, skills that have been the province of the few must become universal. This distinction between "skills that are novel" and "skills that must be taught more intentionally and effectively" ought to lead policymakers to different education reforms than those they are now considering. If these skills were indeed new, then perhaps we would need a radical overhaul of how we think about content and curriculum. But if the issue is, instead, that schools must be more deliberate about teaching critical thinking, collaboration, and problem solving to all students, then the remedies are more obvious, although still intensely challenging. Delete the scoop?
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
August 1, 2012 3:44 PM
The evaluation framework here draws on three main influences: a countenance approach ; action evaluation and report and respond. Distinctive to the approach is that it permits insider evaluation, led by internal agents within the organization who are well placed to use the evaluation research on an ongoing basis to guide and influence decision-making.
Stake’s countenance approach to evaluation is represented schematically with three phases: antecedent, transaction, and outcome. At each phase there are two categories of data: descriptive data and judgement data. The process of countenance evaluation is to portray both the degree of congruence between the descriptive data and the judgement data and the logical contingency between the intents and outcomes of each phase with the next. The term “portrayal” is significant here, because a distinctive aspect of countenance evaluation is the generation of depictions of what is observed. What is observed is then compared with the intended outcomes of the programme, and inferences can then be formulated. These inferences not only identify the intended outcomes that have or have not been achieved, but also identify the unintended and observable outcomes of the programme. For the evaluation of the e-learning implementation, the strength in this approach lies in its facility in organizing a large amount of quite diverse data.A second guiding influence on the development of the evaluation framework is taken from the arena of conflict resolution, namely, action evaluation. In action evaluation, there are similarly three phases: baseline, formative, and summative. Action evaluation is, unlike countenance evaluation, very much a participatory evaluation method and involves stakeholders from the outset. The purpose of the evaluation is to make a difference to the actions of individuals and groups within the stakeholder body. Therefore, stakeholders are involved at all stages of the evaluation. For example, in the first, baseline phase, stakeholders identify what the terms of success might be for the intervention on an individual, group, and organizational level. The emphasis is not only on the “what,” but also on the “why,” thus making explicit inner motivations for action (Rothman, 2003). This approach was helpful in providing a context for the evaluation meetings held intermittently throughout the evaluation process. The third major element to the evaluation framework is a reporting method taken from Stronach and McLure’s work on educational evaluation (1997). According to this method, the evaluator presents a structured report to the stakeholders at a number of points within an evaluation. In the report the evaluator makes provisional, and sometimes provocative, statements resulting from analysis of documentation, discussions, and observations. The report raises questions for consideration by the readers, and provides space within the printed document for the insertion of stakeholder responses, be they further clarification, correction, support, or objection to the evaluator’s formulations. This approach enabled early feedback on the evaluation work and brought to light useful additional viewpoints and facts that increased the validity of the evaluation work. Delete the scoop?
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
July 5, 2012 4:51 AM
1. Explain. Some recent research shows that many students do poorly on assignments or in participation because they do not understand what to do or why they should do it. Teachers should spend more time explaining why we teach what we do, and why the topic or approach or activity is important and interesting and worthwhile.
2. Reward. Students who do not yet have powerful intrinsic motivation to learn can be helped by extrinsic motivators in the form of rewards. Rather than criticizing unwanted behaviour or answers, reward correct behaviour and answers. 3. Care. Students respond with interest and motivation to teachers who appear to be human and caring. 4. Have students participate. One of the major keys to motivation is the active involvement of students in their own learning. 5. Teach Inductively. 6. Satisfy students' needs. Attending to need satisfaction is a primary method of keeping students interested and happy. 7. Make learning visual. Use drawings, diagrams, pictures, charts, graphs, bulleted lists, even three-dimensional objects you can bring to class to help students anchor the idea to an image. 8. Use positive emotions to enhance learning and motivation. Strong and lasting memory is connected with the emotional state and experience of the learner.
Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
July 5, 2012 4:52 AM
Also, we have a large number of WEB 2.0 tools for free use in our class.
Gust MEES's comment,
July 5, 2012 5:08 AM
@Konstantinos Kalemis,
Hi, Thanks for your comment, much appreciated... have a nice day :-) Gust Delete the scoop?
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
June 24, 2012 4:41 AM
Classroom teaching is a demanding job. Most people outside education probably think teachers spend most of their time teaching, but teachers are responsible for many tasks that have little to do with classroom instruction.
Beyond planning and implementing instruction, teachers are also expected to be managers, psychologists, counselors, custodians, and community "ambassadors," not to mention entertainers. It is easy to understand how a teacher might become frustrated and disillusioned. Most teachers enter the profession expecting to spark the joy of learning in their students. Unfortunately, the other demands of the classroom are very distracting and consuming. We envision technology as a teacher's liberator to help reestablish the role and value of the individual classroom teacher. To do so, two things must happen. First the perspective of the classroom must change to become learner centered. Second, students and teachers must enter into a collaboration or partnership with technology in order to create a "community" that nurtures, encourages, and supports the learning process. There is a difference. Technology in education is often perceived in terms of how many computers or videocassette recorders are in a classroom and how they might be used to support traditional classroom activities, but this is a misleading and potentially dangerous interpretation. It not only places an inappropriate focus on hardware, but fails to consider other potentially useful "idea" technologies resulting from the application of one or more knowledge bases, such as learning theory. Educational technology involves applying ideas from various sources to create the best learning environments possible for students. Educational technologists also ask questions such as how a classroom might change or adapt when a computer is integrated into the curriculum. This integration means that the curriculum and setting may also need to change to meet the opportunities that the technology may offer. Delete the scoop?
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Konstantinos Kalemis's comment,
June 19, 2012 2:22 AM
The educational environment is changing from traditional classroom teaching ecology from the adaptive individual/collaborative learning one by development of Internet, mobile and wireless technology. Therefore, we need to develop the new pedagogy in consideration of such new technologies. Especially, our knowledge and wisdom are cultivated by interactive learning/problem solving/building something through collaborative activities. In this paper, we would like to examine the meanings/ecology of "collaborative learning" again and explore the new technologies of communications which evokes and enhances it. Also, we aim to understand and share the concept of computer/Internet supported collaborative learning, and then we explore the technologies of collaborative tools and infrastructure to promote collaborative learning in consideration of the image of new e-pedagogy for collaborative learning. Teachers are now being told that e-Learning is way of the future. On the other hand, a lot of Universities offer a number of lessons using e-learning, m-learning and VLE’s (Virtual Learning Environments). Great teaching transforms pedagogy and subject matter into the joy of learning. Great teaching is transformational, encouraging and enabling students to become more than they are, by discovering who they might be. Research is beginning to suggest that computer games can help to stimulate a successful learning environment and provide motivational learning contexts that suit many learners. They also provide an opportunity to develop communities in which learners have a sense of ownership over what they do. Since, the invasion of digital technologies in classrooms three decades ago, many education providers has been streamlining their education philosophies. Further as new technologies allow for democracy in education for all, Information Communication technologies (ICTs) have become the enabler to ensure access to education. They encourage self-reliance and self-determination in terms of a learner’s ability to make progress within a demanding but incrementally staged environment, and help them to appreciate that the skills necessary for success in games such as problem solving and critical thinking can have relevance in other curricular areas and other social contexts such as study or work. They also create an implicit and explicit understanding that as a learner on our own we can be good but as a learner in a connected team we can be much better. As with rapid growth of the computer technology, E-learning systems usually require many hardware and software resources. The basic concept for designing the system is developing the learning games network using digital materials and Web 2 facilities, which is applied to the cloud learning platform to attract the immigrant residents and assist them to achieve digital literacy across the curriculum.
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Το Τμήμα Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, διοργανώνει το 2ο Επιστημονικό Συνέδριο με κεντρικό θέμα "Άσκηση και Υγεία".
Το φετινό Επιστημονικό μας Συνέδριο θα διεξαχθεί στις εγκαταστάσεις του Τμήματος και θα διαρκέσει τρεις ημέρες, από την Παρασκευή 19 μέχρι την Κυριακή 21 Απριλίου 2013.
Στο Συνέδριο θα συμμετάσχουν ως προσκεκλημένοι ομιλητές εξέχουσες επιστημονικές προσωπικότητες από Πανεπιστήμια και Ερευνητικά Κέντρα της χώρας. Θα γίνει παρουσίαση επιστημονικών εργασιών υπό τη μορφή προφορικών και αναρτημένων ανακοινώσεων οι οποίες αντικατοπτρίζουν την ποιότητα του ερευνητικού έργου που παράγεται από το διδακτικό προσωπικό και τους μεταπτυχιακούς και διδακτορικούς φοιτητές του Τμήματός μας.
Είναι γεγονός ότι στο λυκαυγές του 21ου αιώνα αντιμετωπίζουμε μια νέα επιδημία, την επιδημία της υποκινητικότητας. Η σύγχρονη καθημερινότητα σε συνδυασμό με την επέλαση της τεχνολογίας έχει επιβάλλει στον σύγχρονο άνθρωπο ένα καθιστικό τρόπο ζωής που τον έχει αποκόψει σημαντικά από τη βιολογική του κληρονομιά με αποτέλεσμα την επιτάχυνση της βιολογικής φθοράς του οργανισμού, τον κλονισμό της υγείας και τη διαταραχή της ψυχοσωματικής του ισορροπίας. Πλήθος πειραματικών και επιδημιολογικών ερευνών έχουν δείξει ότι υπάρχει μια άρρηκτη και αιτιώδης σχέση μεταξύ σωματικής άσκησης και υγείας και έγκυροι επιστημονικοί φορείς προειδοποιούν ότι η ανεπαρκής άσκηση αποτελεί μείζονα παράγοντα εμφάνισης καρδιακού κινδύνου, εξίσου ή περισσότερο ακόμα και από το κάπνισμα, την παχυσαρκία, την υπερλιπιδαιμία, την υπέρταση και τον σακχαρώδη διαβήτη.
Κατά τη διάρκεια των εργασιών του Συνεδρίου θα γίνει εκτενής αναφορά στις κατευθύνσεις που έχουν δοθεί από τον Παγκόσμιο Οργανισμό Υγείας και στις στρατηγικές που έχουν αναπτυχθεί από τις προηγμένες χώρες ανά τον κόσμο, σχετικά με τα οφέλη που απορρέουν από την άσκηση για τη σωματική και την ψυχική υγεία των πολιτών. Οι ευεργετικές επιδράσεις της συστηματικής άσκησης στην υγεία και ευρωστία του ανθρώπου, στις οποίες θα εστιάσει κατά κύριο λόγο το Συνέδριό μας, είναι πολλαπλές.
Ενδεικτικά αναφέρεται ότι η τακτική άσκηση:
Βελτιώνει την ευρωστία και μπορεί να μειώσει την πιθανότητα εμφάνισης καρδιαγγειακού νοσήματος κατά 50%, ενώ αποτελεί και απαραίτητο μέσο αντιμετώπισής του.Βελτιώνει την ευαισθησία της ινσουλίνης επηρεάζοντας τα επίπεδα γλυκόζης στο αίμα και μειώνει έτσι την πιθανότητα εμφάνισης διαβήτη.Οδηγεί σε καλύτερο έλεγχο της αρτηριακής πίεσης και μειώνει τον κίνδυνο εμφάνισης υπέρτασης.Βελτιώνει τα επίπεδα χοληστερίνης και τριγλυκεριδίων στο αίμα.Μειώνει τον κίνδυνο παχυσαρκίας και οδηγεί σε καλύτερο έλεγχο του σωματικού βάρους.Προκαλεί σημαντική μείωση της επικινδυνότητας εμφάνισης καρκίνου του εντέρου κατά 30-40% και καρκίνου του μαστού κατά 20-30%.Προλαμβάνει και αντιστρέφει την απώλεια οστικής μάζας κατά 1% κάθε χρόνο και μειώνει την πιθανότητα πτώσης και κατάγματος.Αυξάνει τη λειτουργική ικανότητα των πασχόντων από αρθρίτιδα, οσφυαλγία και άλλα ορθοπαιδικά προβλήματα.Βελτιώνει την ψυχολογία του ατόμου μειώνοντς το στρες, το άγχος και την κατάθλιψη. Βελτιώνει την ποιότητα ζωής και επιμηκύνει το προσδόκιμο ζωής.Επιδρά πολύπλευρα και καθοριστικά στη διαμόρφωση της προσωπικότητας των παιδιών σχολικής ηλικίας.Τέλος, θα γίνει εκτενής αναφορά και στα οικονομικά οφέλη που μπορεί να επιφέρει η τακτική άσκηση σε μεγάλες ομάδες του πληθυσμού, καθώς η μείωση της νοσηρότητας και της θνησιμότητας που αυτή συνεπάγεται σχετίζεται άμεσα με τη χρηματοδότηση των φορέων υγείας και των συστημάτων υγείας των κρατών.
Η Οργανωτική Επιτροπή του Συνεδρίου